History in Science
Who was the first scientist responsible for classifying every kind of animal and plant, including people?
Carolus Linnaeus
According to most current evolutionary biologists, the common ancestor for all current living organisms was called
LUCA
the study of the distribution and causes of disease and injury in human populations
epidemiology
differential fertility and mortality of variants within a population
natural selection
a group of block nucleotides that tends to be inherited together
haplotype
a form of protein-caloric malnutrition caused by a diet deficient in protein and carbohydrates.
marasmus
Homoplasy can develop in the following ways
convergence, parrallelism, and analogy
Individual living organisms were seen as transforming directly in response to their changing environments is attributed to
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
The study of the genome of a species is the field of
genomics
infectious diseases that are transmitted to humans from animals
zoonoses
shift in population that is moving in a specific direction
directional selection
The science of classifying organisms into different categories is
taxonomy
a standard age based on the appearance of centers of ossification and fusion of growth plates
Bone age
Evolution does not proceed by way of _____________.
necessity
creatures are ordered by degree of perfection, aka scala naturae
the Great Chain of Being
Hypothesis is
a logical and testable tentative answer to a question
_____________ is cultural responses to environmental stresses
behavioral adjustments
Natural selection is one of the processes that act to change the frequency of ___in a population
alleles
a group of organisms at any level in a larger hierarchy
a phylogeny
regulatory gene that controls where body parts occur
HOX genes
A slow process characterized by a transformation of one population into others is
phyletic gradualism
principle that states physical forces working today are the same ones working in former times
uniformitarianism
Catastrophism is attributed to
Georges Curvier
_____________ is reversible physiological changes in response to environmental stress
Acclimatory adjustments
35. A classic example of _____________ is the case of the ________________ in the Galapagos Islands.
adaptive radiation
Darwin's finches
nonhomologous similarities in different evolutionary lines
convergence
The _________________has a shell and several internal membranes. It may have evolved as a method of protecting eggs in water.
amniote egg
mammals who have two sets of teeth, deciduous and permanent
diphyodonty
Who came up with the scala naturae?
Aristotle
Process of biological change and how populations differ from ancestral populations is called
Physical (biological) anthropology
Which rule states that the same species of mammals, there is a tendency to find more heavily pigmented forms near the equator and lighter forms away from the equator?
Gloger's Rule
Shanidar I survived a number of debilitating injuries, which suggest he was valued for his __________________________, not his hunting prowess.
wisdom
Binomial nomenclature is a
A system of naming species that uses a double name
What is the study of measurements of the human body called?
anthropometry
What evidence suggests whales are related to Artiodactyla mammals?
hind limbs, middle ear, and nucleotide sequences that are found in no other genetic line