Ch. 1
Which level of biological organization is composed of several tissues?
Organ
How is the atomic mass of an element determined?
is determined by the number of protons and neutrons it contains.
Distinguish between magnification and resolution.
magnification: how large something is in the microscope
resolution: how clear something is in the microscope
What qualities must a molecule have to pass through the cell membrane?
small and nonpolar
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
energy cannot be created or destroyed
All of the cardinals in a forest would comprise a(n)
population
You notice that rain water forms "beads" on your car. This is an example of what property of water?
cohesion
A cell organelle that is found only in eukaryotes stores genetic material, and contains chromatin.
the nucleus
What is a hypertonic solution in relation to a cell?
What is the function of an enzyme?
increase the rate or catalyze a reaction
Jennifer wants to use the brand of fertilizer that gives her the most tomatoes from each plant. She breaks her plants into groups and uses a different brand of fertilizer on each group.
What is the experimental/independent variable?
brand of fertilizer
What elements make a molecule "organic?"
Imagine starting in the innermost space of the chloroplast and moving outward until leaving the chloroplast and entering the cytoplasm. What is the starting points an proper order of things you would move through?
thylakoid space - thylakoid membrane - stroma - inner membrane - outer membrane
What is the function of the GLUT protein?
moves glucose across a membrane by facilitated diffusion
Define entropy and give an example
the level of disorganization in the universe
Which of these is a law and which is a theory?
1. When I add enough water to the soil, the plant can stand straight.
2. Enough water allows the plant to maintain turgor pressure, helping it stand.
1. Law
2. Theory
What ion determines the acidity of a solution?
higher H+ concentrations = more acidic
The cell theory states
All living things are made of cells
Cells are the basic unit of life
All cells come from other cells
When a substance moves from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration while using energy, the process is termed
active transport
How does ATP release energy?
a phosphorus is broken off of the molecule, bond breaking releases energy
List the 7 characteristics of life.
respond to stimuli, reproduce, organized, grow and develop, change evolutionarily, maintain homeostasis, acquire materials and energy
What is a "monomer?"
What is the monomer of carbohydrate molecules?
"building blocks," or small molecules that bond together to form a polymer
monosaccharide
Describe the endosymbiotic theory.
The mitochondria and the chloroplasts were once free-living prokaryotic cells, began a symbiotic relationship with a eukaryotic cell
Describe the general structure of the plasma membrane
"fluid mosaic model"
phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins and sugars
temperature, pH, concentration of substrate, enzyme inhibition, enzyme concentration