Chapter 1
List in order from smallest to largest, the levels of organization in anatomy. (Ie. atoms, molecules...)
Electrons, protons, atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
What is the difference between negative feedback loop and positive feedback loop homeostasis? Give an example of each.
Negative feedback loop reduces the initial stimuli. Ex: body temperature regulation, blood glucose
Positive feedback loop increases the initial stimuli. Ex: labor contractions, platelet plug formation
Two or more DIFFERENT elements that are chemically bonded together is known as a what?
Compound
What is the bond that is formed when electrons are shared? What is the bond that is formed when electrons are transferred?
Shared: covalent
Transferred: ionic
What is 1 out of the 3 parts that all human eukaryotic cells have?
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Which body system is responsible for communication and integration using electrical signals?
Nervous system
Which two body systems control homeostasis?
Nervous and endocrine
What is the difference between atomic number and mass number?
Atomic number: the number of protons in the nucleus
Mass number: the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
The substance that you have the most of in a solution and serves as the dissolving agent is called what?
Solvent
Substances that are found outside of the cell are called what? Inside?
Extracellular; intracellular
Which body system produces body movement and is often associated with the skeletal system.
Muscular system
(Together= musculoskeletal system)
What is the normal range of blood pH? What is the condition called when your blood pH drops below 7.35? Rises above 7.45?
Blood pH: 7.35-7.45
Below 7.35: acidosis (too acidic)
Above 7.45: alkalosis (too basic)
What is the significance of CHNOPS, and what do the stand for?
They are the elements that make up the majority our bodies' molecules.
CHNOPS: carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur
Hypertonic
Water rushes out of the cell to compensate for the increased extracellular solute concentration.
What structure acts as a barrier between intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid? Also known as the "fluid mosaic model."
Plasma membrane
Which of the following is NOT a necessary function to maintain life:
Maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness/ excitability, digestion, excretion, social interaction, reproduction, and growth
Social interaction
Distal
The periods on the periodic table tell you what about the elements in them?
What do the groups on the periodic table tell you about?
Periods: how many electron shells an element has
Groups: how many valence electrons an element has
The pH scale is a (positive or negative) scale with each number being a difference of (10x or 100x).
Negative; 10x
Describe the structure of the plasma membrane.
Phospholipid bilayer (2 layers)
Phosphate heads: polar (charged) and hydrophilic
Two fatty acid tails: nonpolar (no charge) and hydrophobic
What are the three components of homeostasis?
Receptor, integrator/ control center, effector
Your sural is what anatomical direction compared to your crural?
Posterior/ dorsal
An ion is a charged particle that either gains or loses electrons. When an ion gains electrons, it is called what? When an ion loses electrons, it is called what?
Gain electrons: anion
Loses electrons: cation
Monomers are formed into polymers by the removal of an OH- from one site and the removal of H+ from another site in a process called what?
Dehydration synthesis
Name one of the functions that membrane proteins have.
Transport (channels/ carriers)
Receptors
Enzymes
Linkers (CAMs)
Cell identity markers