Evolutionary Concepts
Humans have the closest evolutionary relationship with these two animals.
What are chimpanzees & bonobos?
Darwin proposed a mechanism that could cause evolution?
What is natural selection?
What begins as a genetic mutation that offer survival advantages and eventually becomes more common over generations?
What is adaptations?
What do neurons do the humans have the most of?
What is cortical neurons?
What is the ecological intelligence hypothesis?
Bigger brains and intelligence help individuals exploit their ecological circumstances, especially regarding food.
An organism's ability to pass on its genes. Reflects reproductive ability and adaptation to the environment
What is fitness?
Characteristics that do not solve adaptive problems but simply got “carried along” with an adaptation.
What is By-products?
The peacock's tail serves no survival advantage. It is an adaptation that arose as a consequence of successful mating. In contrast to natural selection, this is an example of what theory?
What is sexual selection?
The “dilemma” theorizes that over the course of our evolution, there have been dueling selection pressures that have resulted in tight-fitting childbirth — it’s beneficial for us to have both big heads and small pelvises.
What is Obstetric Dilemma?
Why must advantageous traits be inherited across generations?
What is evolutionary success?
What mutations can be passed on to offspring?
What is germ line mutations
What is the term for an organisms genetic makeup?
What is genotype?
The ability of an individual organism to pass on its genes to the next generation, taking into account the shared genes passed on by the organism's close relatives.
What is Inclusive fitness?
According to Truine brain theory, the evolution of the human brain can be categorized into what three distinct phases?
1. Reptilian brain
2. Limbic brain
3. Mammalian brain
What is artificial selection?
Change in allele frequency due to transfer between populations
What is gene flow?
Who proposed the inheritance of acquired characteristics?
What does the EEA refer to?
What is the historical conditions that shaped specific adaptations?
What is the adaptive intelligence hypothesis?
cognitive abilities evolve in response to relatively specific environmental challenges.
Aquatic mammals like sharks and dolphins have evolved similar streamlined bodies for swimming. This is an example of?
What is convergent evolution?
It has been suggested that all present living humans can trace their ancestry back to a single female living in Africa around 200,000 years ago.
What is Mitochodrial Eve?
What did Mendel's work with pea plants demonstrate?
What is that genes are the fundamental units of heredity?
These are considered the the four “whys" advanced by Niko Tinbergen.
(1)Physiological mechanism
‣ what is the cause of the behavior?
(2) Ontogeny
‣ how the behavior develop?
(3) Adaptation
‣ what is the function of the behavior?
(4) Phylogeny
‣ why did the behavior evolve as it did?
What part of the brain had the first big changes?
What is olfactory bulb and somatosensory system
This vestigial adaptation in humans was discussed in the beginning of the brain evolution lecture. (I asked you to see if you had one!)
What is the Palmaris Longus Muscle?