Hematology basics
Which process involves cells surrounding and breaking down harmful invaders like bacteria or debris?
Phagocytosis
Which type of meat provides a rich source of iron for patients with anemia?
beef, pork, lamb, egg yolks, oysters, and the dark meat of poultry
What is the most frequent route that HIV spreads from person to person?
Unprotected sexual contact
What medication is given to patients with kidney issues to help them make more red blood cells?
Erythropoietin
What functions are performed by the spleen?
Stores blood, filters old RBCs, supports immune response
What part of a complete blood count helps detect types of white blood cells to assess infection stage or recovery?
Differential
What bleeding disorder involves a genetic problem with clotting factor VIII?
Hemophilia A
What HIV related condition appears as reddish-purple or dark patches on the skin?
Kaposi's sarcoma
What should patients be told about taking liquid iron supplements?
Tooth discoloration may occur, use a straw to avoid staining teeth.
I'm allergic to latex, which foods could also cause an allergic reaction?
Bananas, avocados, tomatoes, potatoes, kiwi
An increase in immature neutrophils (bands) on a lab report usually means what?
The body is fighting a serious bacterial infection
Children are more likely than adults to develop which fast-growing leukemia type?
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
Immunity that develops after an illness or vaccine exposure is called what?
Active acquired immunity
Which site is most commonly used for a bone marrow biopsy in an adult?
Posterior iliac crest
What are key signs of AIDS-related wasting syndrome?
Ongoing diarrhea, unexplained weight loss, long-term vomiting
Which part of the adult body is responsible for creating red blood cells?
Red bone marrow
A child with leukemia complains of leg pain—what is likely causing it?
Bone marrow is overcrowded with abnormal cells
Where do T lymphocytes mature in the body?
Thymus gland
If someone has blood type O+, what is the only safe blood type for transfusion?
O+ or O-
What does your body need to make healthy red blood cells?
Amino acids, B12, oxygen, working kidneys, and bone marrow
Which kind of white blood cell is involved in allergic reactions and releases a chemical that causes swelling and itching?
Basophils (releasing histamine)
Which unique cell seen under a microscope confirms a diagnosis of Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
Reed-Sternberg cells
What is the ELISA test?
This test confirms an HIV diagnosis, but must be repeated and then followed by a Western blot.
If a patient starts having a reaction during a blood transfusion, what’s your first action?
Stop the transfusion immediately
Which defenses are part of your body's natural (innate) immunity?
Skin, stomach acid, normal gut flora, tears/saliva