Bioenergetics
The energy system are we using when we run a marathon?
what is All of them
these fibers rely more on rate coding to generate force
what is type I fibers
true or false- Lactate is the direct cause of fatigue.
what is false
The term for increase in muscle size
What is hypertrophy
The smallest contractile unit of skeletal muscle.
what is a sarcomere
these two factors determine which energy system is predominant during exercise
intensity and duration
The Henneman’s Size Principle states this motor unit recruitment.
What is it that they recruit from smallest to largest
The Fick Principle formula is: VO₂max = ______ × (a-vO₂ difference)
what is cardiac output
Bigger muscles at baseline are generally ______
What is Stronger
this hormone is catabolic and elevated with stress
what is cortisol
This system primarily fuels a 100-yard dash
what is the ATP-PCr system
cross-education of strength states that
One can gain strength in an untrained limb following unilateral training
these two central factors determine cardiac output
Dankel et al. (2017, 2020) found that strength gains can occur without this adaptation.
what is hypertrophy
The protein calcium binds to on actin
what is troponin
This system predominates in a marathon
what is the oxidative system
these are the two types of hypertrophy
what is myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic
Anaerobic threshold is comprised of which two elements
what is Lactate threshold and ventilatory threshold
According to Moritani & deVries (1979), this drives early strength gains
what are neural factors
The threshold stimulus to initiate new bone formation
What is the Minimal Essential Strain (MES)?
This is the end product of glycolysis in skeletal muscle
Hyperplasia refers to
these muscular adaptations explain an increased a-vO₂ difference
what is increase mitochondrial density
This principle explains why practicing the 1RM test increases 1RM perfromance
What is Specificity
Recent evidence suggests acute spikes in systemic hormones (like testosterone or GH) are ________ predictors of hypertrophy.
what is poor, not reliable