Genetics
Double-stranded genetic material that codes for functions and development in living things
What is DNA?
Appeared about 3.5 billion year ago and are the first evidence of life on Earth
Survival of the fittest
What is a Natural Selection?
What is binomial nomenclature and how does it work?
Genus before species, international naming rules for unilateral naming across the world
When an organism incorporates DNA from another organism but not as an offspring
What is Horizontal Gene Transfer?
Genes are stretches of DNA that code for proteins. This is a variation of a gene.
What is an allele?
Stanley Miller claimed that the abundance of gases like methane and water vapor, along with the addition of energy sources like lightning led to the perfect environment for precursors of life.
What is the Reducing Atmosphere Hypothesis?
What five factors affect genetic variation over time?
Mutation, Drift, Migration, Natural Selection, Sexual Selection
What are molecular clocks?
A way to measure evolutionary time
Bound organelles
Meiosis results in two gametes. These gametes have what ploidy level and why?
1N, so when gametic fusion takes places two sets of DNA are combined together
What are the 3 functions of RNA?
Information storage, Self-replication, Enzymatic function
Isolating mechanisms that prevent zygote formation.
What is prezygotic isolating mechanisms?
What is the difference between homologous traits and analogous traits?
Homologous are from a common ancestor, analogous result from convergent evolution
Cyanobacteria produced what, as a bi-product of being an autotroph. What did this result in?
Oxygen and the great oxygenation event.
Characteristics like Height and Weight are considered these kinds of traits.
Proportionate genetic contribution an
individual makes to future generations
Fitness
Shared primitive character or inherited from ancestors older than their two or more taxa's last common ancestor.
What is a symplesiomorphy?
Symbiosis that is at the expense of the other
Blue fur (b) is recessive to black fur (B) in black bears. A blue furred male and a black furred female have twins but both twins have black furred. Draw a punnett square explaining the above problem.
Mother is homozygous dominant and male is homozygous recessive, resulting in only heterozygous dominant babies.
List all the properties of life
Cells and Organization, Metabolism, Response to Environmental Change, Homeostasis, Growth and Development, Reproduction, and Evolution
Macroevolution is the creation of new species. What are some of the examples from class?
Allopatric speciation, Adaptive radiation, and sympatric speciation
Explain the difference between a mono, poly, and paraphyletic group
Mono: common ancestor and all its descendents, Para: common ancestor but not all its descendents, Poly: no most recent common ancestor
Thick substance consisting of
sugars, proteins, fats, and nucleic acids
What is mucilage?