Intro to Biology
What is the simplest type of living system?
a) atom
b) molecule
c) cell
d) tissue
c) cell
Which of the following determines the ability of an atom to form chemical bonds?
a) protons
b) neutrons
c) electrons
d) all of the above
c) electrons
Lithium (Li) has one valence electron and Chloride (Cl) has seven valence electrons. An ionic bond is formed and the atoms become ions. Which atom would be the cation? Which atom would be the anion?
a. Cation Cl, Anion Li
b. Cation Cl, Anion Cl
c. Cation Li, Anion Li
d. Cation Li, Anion Cl
d. Cation Li, Anion Cl
Water shows high cohesion and surface tension and can absorb large amounts of heat because of large numbers of which type of bonds between water molecules?
a) strong ionic bonds
b) nonpolar covalent bonds
c) polar covalent bonds
d) hydrogen bonds
e) weak ionic interactions
d) hydrogen bonds
Which of the following does not describe an acid?
a. It will increase the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.
b. It will increase the pH of the solution.
c. It will decrease the hydroxide ion concentration of a solution.
d. It is a hydrogen ion donor.
b. It will increase the pH of the solution.
Which of the following best describes metabolism?
a) the ability of the body to maintain different internal conditions than the environment.
b) the ability of the body to pass genetic material from parent to offspring
c) the chemical processes of the body to provide energy and resources for growth, repair, and reproduction
d) all of the above
c) the chemical processes of the body to provide energy and resources for growth, repair, and reproduction
True or False.
An ion is an atom that has a charge.
False - it is a particle.
If a covalent bond between 2 atoms is non-polar, that means the atoms have:
a) the same number of electrons
b) similar atomic weights
c) similar electronegativities
d) different heat capacities
e) different electronegativities
c) similar electronegativities
If you were a spider gliding across a pond in the summer in Virginia, for what property of water would you be most grateful?
a) high heat of vaporization
b) high specific heat
c) cohesion
d) adhesion
c) cohesion
Compared to an acidic solution at pH 5, a basic solution at pH 8 has _____.
a) 1,000 times more hydrogen ions
b) 1,000 times fewer hydrogen ions
c) 100 times fewer hydrogen ions
d) the same number of hydrogen ions but more hydroxide ions
e) 100 times fewer hydroxide ions
b) 1,000 times fewer hydrogen ions
Which of the following is not one of the important functions of the cell membrane?
a) selectively regulating movement of molecules into and out of the cell
b) providing structural boundaries between the cell and its environment
c) storing genetic information
d) facilitating communication with the external environment
c) storing genetic information
Titanium has an atomic number of 22. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in an isotope of titanium with mass number of 48?
a) p = 22, n = 26, e = 22
b) p = 11, n = 26, e = 11
c) p = 11, n = 11, e = 70
d) p = 11, n = 22, e = 48
e) p = 22, n = 22, e = 48
a) p = 22, n = 26, e = 22
You find a bacterium growing in pure oil, containing the usual hydrophobic lipids. This organism must be very good at breaking down _____.
a) polar covalent bonds
b) hydrogen bonds
c) ionic bonds
d) nonpolar covalent bonds
e) all of the above
d) nonpolar covalent bonds
Which of the following explains how a pool of water can crack a boulder sitting in it during freezing weather?
a) corrosion of the minerals in the boulder
b) expansion of the water as it freezes
c) adhesion of the water in the minerals in the boulder
d) all of the above
d) none of the above
b) expansion of the water as it freezes
True or False.
The concentration of hydroxide ions in a solution where pH = 10 is 1x104.
False - it is 1x10-4
A mutation occurs during DNA replication in a cell. Which is the most likely consequence?
a) the cell will always die immediately
b) the daughter cells will be identical in all traits
c) one or more daughter cells may differ in their ability to maintain homeostasis, grow, or reproduce
d) all of the above
c) one or more daughter cells may differ in their ability to maintain homeostasis, grow, or reproduce
An atom of oxygen has an atomic number of 8. How many electrons are in the first, second, and third electron shells, respectively?
a) 2, 3, 3
b) 2, 6, 0
c) 8, 0, 0
d) 0, 4, 4
e) none of the above
b) 2, 6, 0
Ammonia (NH3) has polarity which allows it to form hydrogen bonds. In an ammonia molecule,
a. N is partially positive, H is partially positive
b. N is partially positive, H is partially negative
c. N is partially negative, H is partially positive
d. N is partially negative. H is partially negative
c. N is partially negative, H is partially positive
If you were a fish in a pond in the winter in Minnesota, for what property of water would you be most grateful?
a) high heat of vaporization
b) high specific heat
c) cohesion
d) adhesion
e) hydrogen bonding
e) hydrogen bonding
As the concentration of hydrogen ions increases, the pH _____, while as the concentration of hydroxide ions decreases, the pH ______.
a. decreases; decreases
b. increases; decreases
c. decreases; increases
d. increases; increases
a. decreases; decreases
Which scenario best illustrates evolution by natural selection?
a) a population of cells remain genetically identical over many generations
b) a favorable mutation gives one cell a survival advantage, and its descendants increase in population
c) random mutations occur but none provide a reproductive advantage
d) cells acquire traits they need during their lifetime and pass them directly to offspring
b) a favorable mutation gives one cell a survival advantage, and its descendants increase in population
What do the elements with atomic numbers 6, 14, and 32 have in common?
a) same number of electrons
b) same atomic mass
c) same number of valence electrons and will form the same number of covalent bonds
d) all of the above
e) none of the above
c) same number of valence electrons and will form the same number of covalent bonds
A water molecule is held together by ____ bonds. Two water molecules are held together by _____ bonds.
a. polar covalent; polar covalent
b. polar covalent; nonpolar covalent
c. polar covalent; hydrogen
d. hydrogen; polar covalent
e. hydrogen; nonpolar covalent
c. polar covalent; hydrogen
Water has an unusually high specific heat. What does this mean?
a) At its boiling point, water changes from liquid to vapor.
b) A large amount of heat is required to raise the temperature of water.
c) Ice floats in liquid water.
d) Saltwater freezes at a lower temperature than pure water.
e) Floating ice can insulate bodies of water.
b) A large amount of heat is required to raise the temperature of water.
To neutralize a given volume of household bleach (pH of 13), you would need a similar volume of what solution?
a. battery acid (pH of 1)
b. wine (pH of 3)
c. tomato juice (pH of 4)
d. rainwater (pH of 6)
e. pure water (pH of 7)
a. battery acid (pH of 1)