CHAP 1
The definition of etiology
The study of origins
(For psychopathology, it's the possible causation of a disorder)
The psychological type of learning that results from a lack of control over external stimuli
Learned helplessness
Most well-established personality test
MMPI
The result of the Willbrook Documentary
Deinstitutionalization
The core aspect of humanistic therapy
Relationships/positive regard
Chemical messengers released into the synaptic cleft between neurons in the brain (especially in the cerebral cortex)
Neurotransmitters
The core of clinical assessment and diagnosis, upon which all other assessments should support
The clinical interview
The side of the brain that is more connected to visual images and perception
Right
The biological treatment option that is still used today that stems from original diabetes management
Electroconvulsive shock therapy
The autonomic nervous system includes this dual response system
The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
The therapeutic theory from which projective testing assessments were developed
Psychoanalytic theory
Type of testing that assesses for deficits in cognition first
Neuropsychological
The three components of psychopathology
1. Dysfunction
2. Abnormal/atypical behavior
3. Distress/impairment
The concept that multiple paths may lead to the same diagnosis or psychopathologic conclusion
Equinfinality
Assessment that is typically completed via observation during the clinical interview
The difference between the diathesis stress model and reciprocal gene-environment model
Diathesis stress: inherited vulnerabilities that emerge with stress
Reciprocal gene-environment model: genes predispose individuals to put themselves into situations where they might be influenced to experience stress
The therapeutic approach in behaviorism that involves gradually progressing a client through their hierarchy of fears to reduce conditioning.
Systematic desensitization
Percentage that genetics contribute to the development of psychopathology
50%
The difference between reliability and validity
Reliable: is the test consistent?
Valid: is the test assessing what it is supposed to measure?
List some of the main Freudian "defense mechanisms" and a brief explanation of each.
(There are 6 from our powerpoint slide, can you list them all?)
Repression: keeping disturbing or threatening thoughts from becoming conscious
Denial: Blocking external events by refusing to experience or admit them
Projection: Attributing unacceptable or negative thoughts/feelings to another person
Displacement: Satisfying an impulse through a replacement/substitution
Regression: Moving psychologically or developmentally backwards because of intense distress
Sublimation: Satisfying an impulse through a replacement/substitution in a socially acceptable way