Intro To Anatomy
What is Anatomy?
Study of structures
What are the 3 basic parts of a cell?
Plasma Membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
How many types of tissue are there? What are they?
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
What are the 2 layers of your skin?
Epidermis
Dermis
What are the types of bones?
Long, short, flat, irregular
Humerus, carpals, cranium, vertebrae
This synovial fluid filled sac is found in areas of friction
Bursa
What are the 2 major regions of the body? What do they include?
Axial: head, neck, trunk
Appendicular: upper + lower limbs
This substance is responsible for transport, intercellular connections, enzyme activity, cell-cell recognition and much more in the Plasma Membrane.
Protein!
How are Epithelial Tissues classified? Name 2 types from each classification
Cell shape + number of layers
Squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional
Simple, stratified, pseudostratified
Which layer in the Epidermal strata undergoes rapid mitosis?
Stratum Basale
What are the 3 types of Cartilage? What are 2 functions?
Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
Elastic
Support soft tissues, articulations, precursor model for bone growth
The joint between your maxilla and your teeth is known as a Gomphoses joint. What type of joint is a Gomphoses?
Fibrous Joint
What are the 3 anatomical planes? How are they divided?
Frontal/ Coronal - divides body into anterior + posterior sections
Transverse/Horizontal - divides body into superior + inferior sections
Sagittal - divides body into left and right sections
These little hair like structures are found in your small intestine and are responsible for increasing surface area in order to absorb more nutrients from your food.
What are Microvilli
What are the 3 classifications for connective tissue?
CT proper
Fluid CT
Supporting CT
What protein is responsible for waterproofing your skin? What produces this protein?
Keratin, keratinocytes
This type of bone cell's job is to resorb bone tissue in order to secrete calcium into the blood stream.
Osteoclasts
These two things are commonly found at or around a synovial joint but are NOT considered to be a part of a typical Synovial Joint. They play a major role in joint stability, what are they?
Tendons and Muscle
What are the 2 major body cavities? Name what each cavity contains
Posterior Cavity
Cranial: formed by cranial bones of scull, houses the brain
Vertebral: formed by vertebral column bones, houses the spinal cord
Anterior Cavities
Thoracic: superior cavity, houses the heart and lungs (among others)
Abdominopelvic: inferior cavity, houses the digestive organs, urinary structures, reproductive structures, etc…
The Golgi Complex is found where, and what type of organelle is it?
In the cytoplasm, a membrane bound organelle
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue? Where would you find each?
Skeletal - skeletal muscles, cardiac - heart , smooth- intestines
What gland is responsible for lubricating the hair and the skin (it is also the gland that is responsible for acne). What do these glands secrete?
Sebaceous Glands
What is the basic structural and functional unit of a mature compact bone? What are the components?
- Canals
- Lamellae
What are the 3 functional classifications of ALL joints? Name one joint per classification
Synarthrosis - immobile: scull, facial bones
Amphiarthrosis - slightly mobile, pubic symphysis
Diarthrosis - freely mobile, shoulder
What are the 9 Abdominopelvic Regions
Right Hypochondriac, Epigastric, left hypochondriac
Right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar
Right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac
There are 3 types of Endocytosis. What are they? And which one is how viruses are brought into the body?
Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis*
What is the difference between dense regular and dense irregular CT? Where would you find each type of tissue?
Dense regular has collagen fibers running parallel and resists forces only in 1 direction.
Irregular has a collagen meshwork that resists forces in all direction.
Irregular is more resilient.
Regular - Tendons, ligaments
Irregular - Dermis, periosteum
What layer of the dermis innervates with the epidermal ridges of the epidermis? why is this important and what occurs when the two layers innervate here?
The Papillary layer innervates with the epidermal ridges. The papillary layer contains capillaries which allow diffusion into the epidermis which supplies the deep layer of the epidermis with nutrients.
What is Endochondral Ossification? What is the process that takes place?
Bone production starting in fetal development.
1. fetal hyaline cartilage model develops
2. Cartilage calcifies + periosteal bone collar forms
3. Primary ossification center forms in the diaphysis
4. Secondary ossification centers form in the epiphyses
5. Bone replaces cartilage, except art cart
6. Epiphyseal plate ossify and form epiphyseal line
What are the 4 types of movement found at a synovial joint? Give an example of a joint with that type of movement.
Gliding/Linear - Sternoclavicular
Angular - Elbow (flexion vs. extension)
Rotation - shoulder (internal vs. external)
Special - pollex (opposition vs. reposition)