A
Fady is texting and walking to class at the same time. What state of consciousness is Fady in?
Divided consciousness
Julia made a grocery list but forgot it at home. She only seemed to remember the items she wrote last on the list. Which term best reflects what happened with Julia?
Recency effect
Which component of working memory is responsible for rehearsing, repeating, and storing information as sounds or words? (Baddeley's working memory model)
Phonological loop
A coffee shop offers a free drink after every 4 purchases. What reinforcement schedule is this?
Fixed-Ratio
Marcello gets sleep attacks, where he finds himself suddenly falling asleep at random times during the day, especially after experiencing a strong emotion. He also has extreme daytime sleepiness. What sleep disorder does Marcello have?
Narcolepsy
Pavlov’s dog salivates when he smells food. Pavlov decided to ring a bell whenever he gives his dog food.
After some time, Pavlov decided to completely stop ringing the bell around his dog. Four months passed without exposing the dog to the bell. After fourth months, Pavlov rings the bell to his dog, but his dog does not salivate. What process of classical conditioning took place?
Extinction
In stage 3 and 4 of deep sleep, the brain produces ____________ waves
Delta
What type of long-term memory is involved with knowing how to ride a bike?
Procedural memory
Brain waves in REM sleep look most like ________ waves
Alpha
Greg is grounded after breaking curfew. What type of positive/negative or reinforcement/punishment is this?
Positive Punishment
Kyla loves wearing very bright colors, flashy jewelry, and skirts. Her neighbors are shocked to learn that she works as a firefighter. What bias/heuristic did her neighbors likely fall into?
Representativeness heuristic
What is the smallest unit of sound in language?
Phoneme
Marketers of Coca Cola want people to associate Coca Cola with feeling happy and with family time. So, they run ads where they associated Coca Cola with Christmas time. Similarly, marketers of a Calvin Klein perfume want people to associate the perfume with feeling sexy. So, they run ads associating the perfume with provocative imagery. What are these two examples of?
Evaluative conditioning
Patricia can only go to sleep at 4:00AM, no matter how hard she tries, and wakes up at 12:00PM. She has always struggled with only being able to go to sleep when it is very late and waking up late as well. What sleep condition does Patricia have?
Delayed sleep-wake disorder
Luke and Frankie are studying a list of formulas. Luke is repeating the formulas over and over. Frankie is considering the meaning of each formula, breaking it down, and making connections. Who is more likely to remember the formulas in the long run?
Charles has been struggling to breathe when he is asleep. His airway is becoming blocked while he is asleep. What sleep disorder does Charles have?
Sleep apnea
What type of long term memory is involved with remembering your best friend’s wedding that took place last year?
Episodic memory
What is the name of the phenomenon where people cannot see visual images in their mind?
Aphantasia
Donia got a traumatic brain injury and fell into a coma. When she woke up, she could remember the details of her life before her accident, but cannot remember what happened fifteen minutes ago. What type of amnesia does Donia suffer from?
Anterograde amnesia
John dates Veronica for some time but it ends badly. After it ends, John tells himself that “he knew it would happen”, even though in reality he was hopeful and positive about the relationship and did not expect things to end this way. What bias/heuristic may John be experiencing?
Hindsight bias
We make representations of different concepts in our mind. For instance, we have a reference idea or image for the concept of “dog” that looks like what a typical average dog looks like. What is that reference of what an average dog looks like called?
Prototype
Pavlov’s dog salivates when he smells food. Pavlov decided to ring a bell whenever he gives his dog food. After some time, Pavlov’s dog begins to salivate when he hears the bell ring, even if no food is present. What is the unconditioned stimulus and conditioned response?
US: Food CR: Dog salivating
Which type of intelligence refers to knowledge and experience?
Crystallized intelligence
What is the 9th intelligence that Gardener proposed in his theory of multiple intelligence?
What is the function of K-complexes that appear in theta waves?
Perceiving external sounds in the environment and either waking you up or keeping you asleep