Molecules and Metabolism
The type of element required for life
Essential
Type of signal requiring interaction between membrane molecules on two cells
Contact-dependent signals
Two components of central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
First stage of ATP production
Glycolysis
Normal blood pH
7.4
The charge of an anion
Negative
Type of molecule binding to intracellular receptors
Lipophilic
Fight or flight branch
Sympathetic
Gland that has two separate parts
pituitary gland
Removing receptors from cell membrane
Down-regulation
Bond where two atoms share a pair of electrons
Covalent
Chemical released from a nerve that acts on a local cell
Neurotransmitter
Ion that rushes into cell during nerve action potential
Sodium
50% of body's glucose consumption is in this tissue
brain
Push to start a reaction
activation energy
Type of covalent bond that does not dissolve easily in water
Non-polar
Long-lasting class of hormones
steroids
CNS Highway
spinal cord white matter
Structure that determines whether cells respond to hormone signal
receptor protein
Reaction where products have less free energy than reactants
Exergonic
Biomolecule made of amino acids
Protein
Hormone released by posterior pituitary gland
Vasopressin (Antidiuretic hormone) or Oxytocin
Five steps of spinal reflex
stimulus, sensory information flow (afferent), integration, motor information flow (efferent), response
4 systems that only operate within the body
cardiovascular, nervous, endocrine, immune
Regulation where stimulus is exacerbated
Positive feedback loop