Medication Administration Basics
This order element is missing from "Aspirin 81mg daily."
What is the route of administration?
The primary site where most drugs are metabolized.
What is the liver?
A drug like aspirin will ionize in this type of environment.
What is an alkaline or basic environment?
This means a medication is contraindicated during pregnancy.
What is pregnancy category X?
Beta 2 receptor activation causes this liver process that increases blood sugar during stress.
What is glycogenolysis?
Schedule I drugs have no approved medical usage while these drugs do have this.
What is some approved medical use?
The primary organ responsible for drug excretion.
What are the kidneys?
Water soluble drugs need these to penetrate cell membranes.
What is a carrier protein or enzyme?
In patients with renal dysfunction, drug excretion will be this.
What is decreased?
Alpha 1 blockers cause vasodilation and treat this peripheral vascular condition.
What is Raynaud's Disease?
The three essential order elements missing from "Nitroglycerin 1 tab prn chest pain."
What are dosage, route, and frequency?
This protein pumps drugs out of cells of the brain and kidneys for elimination.
What is P-Glycoprotein?
This type of drug has no charge and absorbs best through lipid membranes.
What is a non-ionized drug?
Elderly patients are at increased risk for this when drugs accumulate.
What is drug toxicity?
This non-selective Beta 2 antagonist is contraindicated in COPD and asthma.
What is propranolol?
Both Schedule I and Schedule II drugs share this characteristic.
What is high potential for abuse?
In patients with liver or kidney dysfunction, a drug's half-life will do this.
What is increase or be prolonged?
In malnourished patients with low albumin, more of this circulates.
What is free drug?
Terbutaline binds to Beta 2 receptors to cause this effect in birthing patients.
What is uterine relaxation?
This Alpha 1 and Alpha 2 blocker treats extravasation and tissue necrosis from infiltrated epinephrine.
What is phentolamine?
When a Vancomycin q8h order has first dose at 0800, this is the correct time for the next dose.
What is 1600?
Most drugs pass directly through this structure.
What is the lipid bilayer?
Drugs that directly penetrate the lipid membrane or use carrier proteins are examples of these two transport processes.
What are passive diffusion and active transport?
Elderly patients often demonstrate decline in these two vital organs, affecting drug metabolism and excretion.
What are the liver and kidneys?
Patients taking this drug might need to adjust their insulin dosing.
What is propranolol?
Unlike scored tablets, capsules and enteric coated tablets cannot have this done to them.
What is broken in half or split?
The serum level drawn immediately before the next dose that indicates rate of drug elimination.
What is the trough level?
When the GI tract is not moving very fast, this effect may occur.
What is increased absorption?
This condition is a contraindication for anticholinergic drugs because they increase intraocular pressure.
What is glaucoma?
Diarrhea, excessive salivation, constricted pupil, bronchoconstriction, and bradycardia are all side effects of excessive stimulation of this system.
What is the parasympathetic nervous system?
Generic drugs must demonstrate less than this percentage variance in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion to be therapeutically equivalent.
What is 20%?
The phase most affected by fluid shift and edema in burn patients.
What is distribution?
Everyone gets the points!
Bethanechol is contraindicated in patients with peptic ulcer, urinary obstruction, and this respiratory condition.
What is asthma?
The main neurotransmitters of the sympathetic nervous system are norepinephrine and this.
What is epinephrine?