Cell Envelopes & Membranes
This component of Gram-negative bacteria contains Lipid A and acts as an endotoxin.
What is lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?
This model describes the structure of the plasma membrane.
What is the fluid mosaic model?
Molybdenum (Mo), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), and Copper (Cu) belong to this nutrient category.
What are trace elements
This group includes both Bacteria and Archaea
What are Prokaryotes?
This transport mechanism uses permeases and does not require energy.
What is facilitated diffusion?
These polymers are present in Gram-positive cell walls but absent in Gram-negative cells.
What are teichoic acids?
These sterol-like molecules with five rings are found in bacterial membranes.
What are hopanoids?
Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), Sulfur (S), Phosphorus (P), Calcium (Ca), Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg), and Iron (Fe) are collectively classified as these.
What are macroelements
This domain includes organisms with branched ether-linked lipids and tetraether membrane monolayers.
What are Archaea?
This transport mechanism requires energy and can move substrates against gradients.
What is active transport?
This molecule links NAG and NAM subunits in bacterial cell walls.
What are peptide cross-bridges?
These bonds link archaeal lipids to glycerol
What are ether bonds?
An organism that uses inorganic electron donors but organic carbon is classified as this.
What is a lithoheterotroph?
which domains uses ATP as its general energy source
what are Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes?
This transport system chemically modifies glucose during uptake.
What is group translocation?
In Gram-negative bacteria, the periplasmic space lies between the _______ membrane and the ______
What is cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane and the outer membrane
What are the 4 functions of the cell membrane:
1) Separation of cell from environment
2) Semi permeable membrane
3) Metabolic processes
4) Deletion of and response to molecules in environment
An organism that uses light for energy but organic carbon for biomass is classified as this.
What is a photoheterotroph?
This group contains organisms capable of multicellularity and includes the largest organisms on Earth.
What are Eukaryotes?
This universal secretion pathway translocates unfolded proteins across membranes.
What is the Sec-dependent pathway?
Peptidoglycan contains amino acids in this stereochemical configuration, which makes it more resistant to host proteases
What is the D configuration?
This structural difference between archaeal and bacterial lipid tails contributes to archaeal survival at high temperatures.
What are branched isoprenoid chains instead of straight-chain fatty acids?
This small ribosomal subunit gene is amplified to construct phylogenetic trees.
What is the 16S rRNA gene?
This group contains organisms with peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
What are Bacteria?
This N-terminal sequence directs proteins to the secretion system.
What is a signal peptide?