ch 1
most basic unit of life
cell
in a substance, [H+] < [OH-], and the pH > 7; this substance is likely acidic/basic?
basic
RNA, which is double/single stranded has uracil/thymine but not uracil/thymine.
single; has uracil but not thymine
True/False: Ribosomes are only found in archaea cells?
False (they're in all cells)
the process of water moving from areas of low solute concentration to high solute concentration is...
osmosis
variable that responds or is being measured
dependent variable
water molecules can stick to other water molecules due to _______ and can stick to non-water molecules due to _______.
cohesion; adhesion
fats that are solid at room temperature and have no double bonds (straight)
saturated fatty acids
this theory describes how eukaryotes were made
endosymbiotic theory
a cell swells/inflates and fills with water before bursting or being lysed; the solution is likely...
hypotonic
science done for the sake of knowledge
basic science
116.88 g of NaCl (MW = 58.44 g/mol) is added to a solution, and the molarity (M) becomes 8 M; what is the volume of the solution?
0.25 L (or 250 mL)
polypeptides fold/coil in this level of protein structure (hint: this level has a-helices and b-sheets)
secondary structure
circular DNA, no nucleus
Prokaryotes
which is least likely to cross a cell membrane with no assistance?
a) glucose
b) CO2
c) Na+
d) NH2
Na+ (ions)
all taxonomic levels? (from life to species)
Life, Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
(Dear, King, Phillip, Came, Over, For, Great, Spaghetti)
CH3 represents ______ functional group, and is it polar/nonpolar?
methyl; nonpolar
_______ adds water to break bonds while _______ removes water to form bonds
hydrolysis; dehydration synthesis
gram _____ bacteria have peptidoglycan and an outer membrane
negative
increases cell membrane fluidity when cold and increases rigidity when warm
cholesterol
4 tenets of cell theory?
living organisms are made of cells
cells do chemical reactions
cells come from pre-existing cells
Cells have hereditary info as DNA
"mirror image" isomers
enantiomers
describe phospholipid interactions with water (describe its special property and what it means)
they are amphipathic; water loving and water hating
unlike how eukaryotes use mitosis, most prokaryotes and bacteria use _______
binary fission
movement of ions or molecules against its concentration gradient, uses electrochemical gradient as energy source
secondary active transport