Kinesiology
This anatomical position describes a person lying on their back, face up.
This type of bone tissue makes up about 80% of skeletal mass and forms the dense outer layer of bones.
What is compact (cortical) bone
This property of skeletal muscle allows it to return to its resting length after a stretch is removed and is largely due to connective tissue.
What is elasticity
This curve of the vertebral column is classified as a primary curve and is convex posteriorly.
What is thoracic kyphosis
open-chain shoulder abduction
superior roll with inferior slide of the humeral head
The movement of bones in space, such as flexion and extension at a joint, is known by this term.
what is osteokinematics?
This principle states that bone strength increases or decreases in response to the magnitude of functional forces placed upon it.
What is Wolff’s Law?
This muscle role prevents unwanted joint motion by eliminating an undesired action of another muscle during a movement.
What is a neutralizer?
During trunk flexion, this structure within the intervertebral disc displaces posteriorly, increasing tension in the annulus fibrosus.
What is the nucleus pulposus?
open‑chain knee extension
What is anterior roll and anterior slide of the tibia on the femur?
Knee flexion and extension occur primarily in this anatomical plane and rotate about this axis.
What is the sagittal plane and the mediolateral axis
These joints are considered freely movable, contain synovial fluid, and are classified based on joint architecture and degrees of freedom.
What are diarthroses (synovial joints)?
This structure is the functional contractile unit of muscle, extending from one Z‑disc to the next.
What is a sarcomere
This spinal ligament runs the entire length of the vertebral column and is the primary structure limiting spinal flexion.
What is the posterior longitudinal ligament?
closed‑chain elbow flexion
What is anterior roll with posterior slide of the humerus on the ulna?
When a convex joint surface moves on a concave surface, the roll and slide occur in these directions relative to each other.
What is roll and slide in the opposite direction?
This type of synovial joint allows three degrees of freedom, permits flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and internal/external rotation, and demonstrates roll, slide, and spin.
What is a ball‑and‑socket joint?
This relationship explains why a muscle produces maximal active force when actin and myosin have optimal overlap, typically near resting length.
What is the length–tension relationship?
This region of the vertebral column allows the greatest axial rotation
What is the cervical spine (specifically the atlanto‑axial joint, C1–C2)
lumbar axial rotation
(Specify contralateral and ipsilateral)
What is facet joint approximation on the contralateral side and separation on the ipsilateral side?
This type of kinetic chain describes a movement where the distal segment is free to move,
What is an open kinetic chain?
This synovial joint type is classified as biplanar with two degrees of freedom (multiple answers)
What is a saddle joint?
When the trunk slowly flexes forward under the influence of gravity, the erector spinae muscle group is primarily performing this type of activation.
What is eccentric muscle activation?
Occurs during cervical retraction
What is head flexion and neck extension?
right lateral flexion of the head on atlas
right roll with left slide of the occipital condyle on the superior articular facets