Solutions
The term describing an interaction between two nonpolar molecules
London dispersion forces (induced dipole)
The ideal values for entropy and enthalpy in a spontaneous reaction
Enthalpy: negative
Entropy: positive
The effect of a catalyst on a system in equilibrium
Forward and reverse reactions both occur faster but remain equal. No shift to equilibrium
True or False: A reaction at equilibrium means that the concentration of products and reactants are equal
False - the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal
What are the units of K?
Unitless
Increasing the temperature of a gas will have what effect on it's solubility?
Lowers the solubility
The second law of thermodynamics
The total entropy of the universe (system plus its surrounding) always increases for a spontaneous process.
The following values were obtained from a reaction:
Qc = 16.2
Kc = 280
What does this tell you about the reaction?
Kc > Qc
Reaction is not at equilibrium, a shift towards the formation of products will occur
What is the Kc expression of the following reaction?
Zn (s) + 2 Ag+ (aq) --> Zn2+ (aq) + 2 Ag (s)
[Zn2+] / [Ag+]2
What does a very large K value tell you about a reaction?
Equilibrium favors the products
What law describes the relationship between the pressure of a gas and its solubility?
Henry's Law
Is the entropy of the following reaction positive or negative?
2 KClO3 (s) --> 2 KCl (s) + 3 O2 (g)
Positive
In what direction would the reaction shift if the pressure of the system was increased
3 Fe (s) + 4 H2O (g) --> Fe3O4 (s) + 5 H2 (g)
Shift to the formation of reactants (left)
Sb2S3 (s) + 3 H2 (g) --> 2 Sb (s) + 3 H2S (g)
Kc = 0.429
What are the units for molarity and molality?
Molarity: (mols of solute) / (liters solution)
Molality: (mols of solute) / (kgs of solvent)
Which of the following molecules would be most miscible with water?
BF3, C4H10, Cl2, or SO
SO
The following reaction will be spontaneous at what temperatures? (all, high, low, or none)
2 CO (g) + O2 (g) --> CO2 (g) (enthalpy: -566.6 kJ)
Low temperatures
Lowering the temperature of an endothermic reaction at equilibrium has what effect?
Shift to the formation of reactants (Left).
0.54 M O2 and 0.86 M of NO are added to a flask. How much of the product NO2 will be present at equilibrium? (Kc is 5.1 x 10-11)
4.51 x 10-6
Which of the following molecules is most likely to be a liquid at room temperature?
CH3OH, C3H8, N2, or N2O?
CH3OH