Chapter 1
(Introduction to Biology)
(Introduction to Biology)
To be considered alive an entity must meet these numbered characteristics
What are the Eight Properties of Life
This is the smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties
What is an Atom
This is the smallest unit of life
What is the Cell
This organelle houses DNA and directs the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins
What is the Nucleus
This field of science studies energy and the transfer of energy involving physical matter
What is thermodynamics
This branch of biology focuses on naming, describing, and grouping organisms based on shared characteristics
What is Taxonomy
These four large biological molecules are essential for life and make up all living organisms
What are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
This lab instrument is essential for viewing cells and advancing scientific research
What is a Microscope
This organelle holds the contents of the cell between the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope
What is the Cytoplasm
This is a series of chemical reactions that begins with a starting molecule and modifies it through metabolic steps to produce a final product
What is a Metabolic Pathway
Science follows this organized process when forming and conducting experiments
What is the Scientific Method (Hypothesis & Reasoning)
This simple carbohydrate is the primary source of energy for cells
What is Glucose
These organisms have a membrane-bound nucleus and contain specialized compartments called organelles
What are Eukaryotes
This organelle takes vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum and sorts, tags, packages, and distributes lipids and proteins
What is the Golgi Apparatus
This type of molecule catalyzes biochemical reactions and is usually a protein that helps speed up reactions necessary for life
What is an enzyme
This property of life is not fulfilled by viruses
What is reproduction (needs a host cell)
This unit of measurement ranges from 0 to 14 and determines how acidic or basic a solution is
What is the pH Scale
These simple, single-celled organisms lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
What are Prokaryotes
This organelle acts as the garbage disposal of the cell and contains digestive enzymes to break down waste
What is the Lysosomes
This type of enzyme inhibition occurs when a molecule binds to the active site, blocking the substrate from binding
What is competitive inhibition
An experiment cannot definitively do this to an idea in science
What is prove (can only support or not support an idea)
One type of bond forms between a positive and negative ion and the other forms when elements share electrons
What are ionic and covalent bonds?
One process involves a substance moving from high to low concentration, and the other is specifically for water
What is Diffusion & Osmosis
This organelle found in plant cells takes up the most space and helps regulate water content
What is the Vacuole
These are the three main stages of cellular respiration
What is glycolysis, the citric acid (Krebs) cycle, and the Oxidative Phosphorylation (electron transport chain)