Chapter 1: Science and Study of Life
A caterpillar metamorphosing into a butterfly is an example of what characteristic of life?
Growth and Develop
Organic molecules always contain what?
a carbon and hydrogen
Who was Robert Hooke?
First Person to observe Cells in 1665.
What were the cells he observed?
The Plasma Membrane is composed of what?
Proteins and Phospholipids
ATP contains what?
an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups.
What are the five steps of the scientific method and explain how to use each step in your own words.
Observe, hypothesize, predict, experiment, and conclusion
You notice that rainwater forms beads on your car. What property of water is this an example of?
Cohesion
What acts as an organizer of activities and structures for the cell and is formed from a network of protein fibers contained in a cell?
A Cytoskeleton
What does the term permeability refer to?
The extent to which a membrane allows a substance to pass through.
During an enzymatic reaction, what happens to the enzyme?
The enzyme and the substrate form a temporary complex.
What do Scientists do?
Describe what they see in the physical universe,
Explain why those things happen
Communicate with others
What type of reaction is necessary to produce a dipeptide from individual amino acids?
a dehydration reaction
solar energy + carbon dioxide + water ---> Carbohydrate + Oxygen
What does this equation represent?
Photosynthesis
Bonus: What is the equation for Cellular Respiration?
When a substance moves from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration while using energy, the process is termed?
Active Transport
The location in which the enzyme and substrate complexes are called what?
The active sites
What is the definition of a Law and of a Theory?
Law: Description of a pattern in nature. The HOW!!!
Theory: Explanation as to why a pattern (law) exists. What is the mechanism behind it? The WHY!!! Describe hidden processes and predict phenomena.
What is a triglyceride made up of?
Three Fatty Acids and one Glycerol Backbone
What does the Smooth ER do, and what does the Rough ER do?
ER = (Endoplasmic Reticulum)
Smooth ER: Synthesizes Lipids and sends those off to the Golgi Apparatus.
Rough ER: Folds and processes proteins, then packages them up in vesicles to send of to the Golgi Apparatus
What is a Hypotonic, Hypertonic, and Isotonic Solutions?
Isotonic: No net movement of Water
Hypotonic: Water rushes into the cell due to high solute concentration on the outside.
Hypertonic: Water rushes out of the cell due to high solute concentrations on the inside.
What is an exergonic reaction and an endergonic reaction?
Exergonic reactions: energy is released.
Endergonic reactions: require an input of energy.
What are the four core strengths of science?
1. Publically understandable
2. Anti Authoritarian
3. Predictive
4. Self-Correcting
What are Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose, and Chitin?
Starch Polymer of Glucose Used by plants for energy storage. Ex. Potatoes and Grains
Glycogen Polymer of Glucose Used by animals for energy storage. On muscle and liver cells
Cellulose - polymer of glucose forms plant cell walls
Chitin - a polysaccharide, used by insects and crustaceans to build an exoskeleton
What are the four parts of the Mitochondria?
What are the five parts of the Chloroplast?
Mitochondria: Outer and Inner Membrane, Cristae, and Matrix
Chloroplast: Outer and Inner Membrane, Stroma, Thylakoid, Thylakoid Space.
Furter Information: Granum is the stack of thylakoids
What are phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis?
Phagocytosis: Large particulate matter
Pinocytosis: liquids and small particles dissolved in liquid
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis: a type of pinocytosis that involves a coated pit and receptors.
What are the five factors affecting enzymatic speed?
Substrate concentration
Temperature and pH
Enzyme activation
Enzyme inhibition
Enzyme cofactors