Cyber Concepts
What is the broader discipline that involves protecting and managing risk in digital systems and information?
What is cybersecurity?
What group in 1st-century Palestine was associated with the Sicarii, or “Dagger-men”?
Who were the Zealots?
Which side of the political spectrum generally emphasizes social equality and reducing inequality?
What is the political Left?
According to Marx, what two major classes were in conflict under modern capitalism?
Who are the bourgeoisie and proletariat?
What is fascism classified as in the political spectrum?
What is an extreme right-wing ideology?
What type of cyber activity is generally motivated by financial gain, fraud, extortion, or theft?
What is cybercrime?
Which historical group used surprise attacks involving strangling, robbing, and burying travelers?
Who were the Thugees?
Which side generally favors laissez-faire economics and less government intervention?
What is the political Right?
What does Marx mean by exploitation?
capitalists as paying workers less than the value they produce and keeping the remainder.
Name three characteristics of fascism.
Any three: powerful nationalism, subordination to the state, militarism, suppression of opposition, anti-democratic beliefs, scapegoating, sexism/traditional gender roles, disdain for human rights, controlled mass media, cronyism/corruption, or fraudulent elections.
Name three differences that can be used to distinguish cybercrime, hacktivism, cyberwarfare, cyberespionage, and cyberterrorism.
Actor, motivation, target, method, impact/consequence, audience, or response.
According to the notes, what was the basic goal of the Assassins’ use of terror?
To frighten people and influence them despite having a relatively small number of followers, rather than relying on large numbers killed.
What ideology became associated with many left-wing extremist groups during the 1960s–70s?
What is Marxist/Leninist/Maoist ideology?
What concept did Antonio Gramsci use to explain how ruling classes maintain dominance through consent?
What is hegemony?
What is one characteristic of fascism involving the individual and the state?
The individual has little significance except as a member of the state.
A politically motivated group takes a government website offline using a DDoS attack. What should you examine before automatically calling it cyberterrorism?
Examine WHO acted, WHY they acted, WHAT they targeted, HOW they acted, HARM/impact, INTENT, AUDIENCE, and CLASSIFICATION.
What does “propaganda by deed” mean in the context of anarchism?
The idea that actions/deeds communicate political ideas and can inspire change, associated in the notes with Carlo Pisacane.
Give two characteristics commonly associated with right-wing/fascist ideology from the notes.
Examples include extreme nationalism, militarism, suppression of opposition, anti-democratic beliefs, scapegoating, rigid gender roles, and subordination of the individual to the state.
Name the four communist/revolutionary movements
Russian, Chinese, Cuban, and Vietnamese Communist Revolutions.
According to the notes, what major event on September 11, 2001, “redefined terrorism again”?
What is the 9/11 terrorist attack?
Why is cyberterrorism difficult to define?
Because there is no universally accepted definition
What is one major difference between the historical terrorism of the earlier groups and the terrorism expansion of the 1960s–70s?
Terrorism expanded beyond revolutionary movements to include nationalist, ethnic, separatist, and radical ideological organizations.
What was a common strategy of left-wing terrorist organizations described in the notes?
Armed violence against the capitalist state
What was Che Guevara’s “Foco Theory” of revolution?
The idea that a small, dedicated cadre of fighters could create the conditions for a broader popular insurrection
Give three major consequences or changes associated with 9/11 and its aftermath that are relevant to the course.
Examples include the increased focus on homeland security, counterterrorism, national security, and cyberterrorism