Anthropological Subfields and Methods
Archaeology is ____________________
What is a subfield studying past human societies through material culture, artifacts, and environmental data.
__________ is the English naturalist who formulated the theory of evolution by natural selection
Who is Charles Darwin
Classification systems for blood (such as ABO or Rh) based on the presence or absence of inherited antigens on the surface of red blood cells
What is Blood Type
________________ is structural, functional, or genetic differences present among individuals in a population
What is Variation
__________ are “left over” structures removed through the process of natural selection. An example of this would be the pelvic bones that can still be found on the skeletal remains of whales and hind limbs that can be found on snakes.
What are vestigial structures
____________ a qualitative research method in cultural anthropology involving immersive field study and descriptive analysis
What is Ethnography
Catastrophism is ___________________
What is the historical geological doctrine proposing that Earth's geological features were primarily formed by sudden, short-lived, violent global events
Genetics is ___________________________
What is the scientific study of heredity, genes, and genetic variation in living organisms.
_________________ is systematic physical differences between males and females of a species
What is Sexual Dimorphism
A _______ is a reproductive population that consists of organisms able to interbreed and produce viable and fertile offspring
What is a species
____________ is the subfield examining human biological evolution, genetics, adaptation, and physical variation
What is Biological Anthropology
A model proposing modern humans evolved in Africa before dispersing globally
What is Out of Africa
___________ an allele that expresses its phenotype even when paired with a different allele
_____________ an allele whose phenotype is masked in the presence of a dominant allele and is only expressed in homozygous pairs
_____________ a pattern of inheritance where both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed simultaneously
What are dominant, recessive, and codominant
Population Bottleneck is ____________________
what is sharp reduction in population size leading to reduced genetic diversity.
__________ is a hypothesis that females pick attractive mates so their male offspring inherit those attractive traits.
What is Sexy Sons Theory
Paleoanthropology is ______________________
What is the study of human evolution through the hominin fossil record.
___________ is the 19th-century monk whose experiments with pea plants established the fundamental principles of genetic inheritance.
Who is Gregor Mendel
________________ is the underlying genetic code and ________________ is the observable physical or behavioral trait
What are Genotype and Phenotype
_______________ is small-scale genetic changes occurring within a population over generations
_______________ is large-scale evolutionary change at or above the species level over deep time
What are microevolution and macroevolution
Natural selection operating through preferential mate choice and competition.
What is Sexual Selection
Anthropology is _________________________
What is the holistic study of human origin, behavior, culture, language, and biological variation across time and space.
Cultural stories explaining how the world or humanity came into being
What are Origin Myths
________________ has identical alleles for a gene and _____________ has two different alleles
What are Homozygous and Heterozygous
_____________ is the concept that mates are chosen based on traits signaling genetic health.
What is Good Genes Theory
____________ are similar skeletal structures seen across a wide variety of species that indicate a common ancestor in their genetic ancestry
What are homologous structures