THE CELL: Normal and Altered
This organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
a. Lipids
b. Proteins
c. Carbohydrates
d. Nucleic acids
B. Proteins
IgA
Characterizes the alarm stage of GAS
Activation of the SNS
Capacity of a pathogen to cause severe disease
Virulence
The most frequently reported symptom of cancer
Fatigue
Under anaerobic conditions, what process provides energy for the cell?
a. glycolysis
b. oxidative phosphorylation
c. lactolysis
d. endocytosis
A. Glycolysis
The C3b subcomponent of complement:
a. opsonizes microbes to facilitate phagocytosis
b. dilates arterioles
c. lyses cells
d. induces rapid degranulation of mast cells
a. opsonizes microbes to facilitate phagocytosis
Product of the cascade that increases vascular permeability and stimulates nerve endings
Bradykinin
Type of infection that requires a host.
viral
TNM staging of a man with a 3 cm tumor, mobile node involvement, and no metastases.
T: 2, N: 1, M: 0
This process influences the movement of fluid across the arterial and capillary membranes out into the interstitial fluid.
a. Diffusion
b. Osmotic Pressure
c. Active Transport
d. Hydrostatic Pressure
D. Hydrostatic Pressure
These cells function for a longer time than neutrophils and basophils and are also present later in the inflammatory response. They are involved in the activation of the adaptive immune response.
macrophages
Hormone that increases lipogenesis in the face/trunk.
cortisol
Manifestations that would lead you to believe the patient has progressed from HIV to AIDS?
Opportunistic Infections/cancers
Which are not autosomal recessive? Select all that apply.
a. Duchenne muscular dystrophy
b. Huntington disease
c. Turner syndrome
d. Cystic fibrosis
e. PKU
A. Duchenne muscular dystrophy
B. Huntington disease
C. Turner Syndrome
This cellular death process is characterized by enzymatic digestion that may leak out of the cell.
Necrosis
Antibody is effective against:
a. extracellular viruses
b. virus-infected cells
c. viral protein synthesis
d. expression of MHC molecules
a. extracellular viruses
Type of immunity that is decreased when the body is under acute stress.
Cellular immunity
Delineates the progression of sepsis to septic shock.
Decrease in BP from massive vasodilation and increased vascular permeability
Which of the following are hallmarks of cancer? (Select all that apply)
a. Genomic stability
b. Inhibiting angiogenesis
c. Activation of invasion/ metastasis
d. Inducing immune destruction
e. Evading growth suppressors
C. Activation of invasion/metastasis
E. Evading growth suppressors
A family presents to their primary care provider reporting headache, nausea, weakness, tinnitus, and vomiting. Which of the following would be the most likely mechanism of injury causing these symptoms?
a. Genetic disorder
b. Free radicals
c. toxic chemical agents
d. nutritional imbalance
C. Toxic chemical agents
Rejection of a kidney transplant occurred after 2 weeks because... (select all that apply)
a. Type II hypersensitivity
b. immune response against donor HLA antigens
c. Type IV hypersensitivity
d. immune response against recipient HLA antigens
B. Immune response against donor HLA antigens
C. Type IV hypersensitivity
Which of the following are systemic inflammatory responses? (Select all that apply)
a. Fever
b. Edema
c. Pain
d. Tachycardia
e. Redness
A. Fever & D. Tachycardia
Which of the following can become chronic? (Select all that apply)
a. Hepatitis A
b. Hepatitis B
c. Hepatitis C
d. Hepatitis D
e. Hepatitis E
B & C
Genetic disorder that presents as defective transport of chloride ions with sodium imbalance and primarily affects the GI and respiratory systems.
Cystic Fibrosis