Goals of Psychology
A psychologist is interested in finding out why identical twins have different personalities. This psychologist is most directly interested in the goal of_______________.
Explanation
"The whole is greater than the sum of the parts" is a statement associated with the perspective of:
Gestalt Psychology
Professor Beverly approaches questions about human behavior from a perspective that emphasizes bodily events and chemicals, such as hormones, associated with behavior. It is most likely that she is conducting research in which of the following psychological approaches?
Biopsychological
This psychologist created the first psychology laboratory and defined the process of objective introspection.
Wilhelm Wundt
Thinking, feeling, and remembering are examples of _______________.
mental processes
A teacher tells the school psychologist that Kate is late to class, does not turn in her homework, squirms around a lot in her seat, and swings her feet constantly. This is an example of which goal of psychology?
Description
Which perspective focused on describing the structure of conscious experience?
Structuralism
From this perspective, the human behavior of not eating things that taste bitter can be explained as an adaptive behavior that evolved when early humans encountered bitter plants.
Evolutionary Perspective
Who is known for his experiments in which dogs were conditioned to salivate upon hearing a bell?
Ivan Pavlov
Talking, facial expressions, and movement are examples of _____________.
behavior
"How can we change this behavior?" "How can we reduce Hai Tao's depression?" These questions refer to which goal of psychology?
Control
Which perspective aligns with Watson's "Little Albert" experiment in which he demonstrated that phobias are learned through conditioning?
Behaviorism
This modern perspective focuses on how people think, remember, and store information.
Cognitive Psychology
Who was the founder of functionalism?
William James
What are the four goals of psychology?
Description, Explanation, Prediction, and Control
Dr. Littman-Smith is conducting research in Kenya into the ways that mothers and their toddlers interact throughout the day. Given the purpose of her study, it is most likely that she is engaged in:
Description
You attend a lecture by a psychologist who uses the terms such as free will, human nature, and self-actualization. Which psychological perspective is most consistent with the points the psychologist presented?
Humanism
Darley and Latane (1968) found that in potential emergency situations the more people that were present at a scene, the less likely it was that people would step in to help. They found that the presence of other people affected the way people perceived the situation. This research would be conducted under which modern day perspective?
Sociocultural
Francis Cecil Sumner
___________ wanted to bring the focus of psychology to scientific inquiry and measurement by studying only observable behavior and ignoring "consciousness."
Behaviorism
Mei was sent to the school psychologist to be tested. Based on her IQ scores it was decided that she would do well in the gifted child program. This is an example of which goal of psychology?
Prediction
What perspective of psychology did Freud promote?
Psychoanalysis
Wesley has learned that if he cries with his mother in public, she will often get him a new toy or piece of candy to quiet him. Which of the following perspectives explains Wesley's behavior?
Behavioral
Abraham Maslow and _____________ were two of the earliest and most famous founders of the Humanistic perspective.
Carl Rogers
In the biopsychological perspective, behavior is seen as a direct result of __________.
events in the body (e.g., hormones, heredity, brain chemicals, disease)