Ch 1
Cellular organization, energy utilization, homeostasis, growth, development and reproduction and heredity.
What are the five fundamental properties of life?
The four elements that make up 96.3% of the human body.
What are Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen?
The repeating subunits that make up polymers.
What is a monomer?
The four basic structural characteristics that all cells share.
What are the plasma membrane (phospholipid bilayer), cytoplasm/cytosol, ribosomes and centrally located genetic material?
The system of naming where the genus is placed first and capitalized and the species is placed second and lowercase. The whole species name is italicized. The name of a species in this system would look like this: Genus species.
What is binomial nomenclature?
The person who invented the current taxonomic system.
Who was Carolus Linnaeus?
The basic skeletal structure of most macromolecules.
What is a hydrocarbon?
Steroids, phospholipids and triglycerides.
What are lipids?
The factor that limits the size of a cell.
What is surface to volume ratio or rate of diffusion?
The only nonpolar functional group, which is present in lipids and gives them hydrophobic properties.
What is methyl (CH3)?
Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya
What are the three domains?
An arrangement of atoms that give a molecule special properties.
What is a functional group?
Sugars such as amylose, cellulose and chitin.
What are polysaccharides?
The type of cell that has a nucleoid region, no membrane bound organelles and can sometimes have a capsule. It is generally simpler than the other type of cell that shall not be named in this question.
What is a prokaryotic cell?
The type of cytoskeletal filaments used for transport within a cell, make up centrioles, and are used to separate chromosomes in cell division.
What are microtubules?
A widely accepted statement based on numerous observations and tests.
What is a law?
A substance that donates protons to a solution.
What is an acid?
The type of macromolecule responsible for enzyme catalysis, defense, transport, support, motion, regulation and storage.
What is a protein?
The type of cell that has a nucleus, complex cytoskeleton and membrane bound organelles.
What is a eukaryotic cell?
The only basic functional group, commonly found in proteins and nucleic acids
What is the amino group (NH3)?
A hypothesis that has withstood rigorous testing and is now widely accepted.
What is a theory?
A substance that is amphoteric, meaning it can act as either an acid or a base.
What is a buffer?
The group of macromolecules responsible for genetic material, such as DNA and RNA, or ATP.
What is a nucleic acid?
The system of organelles that includes the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes, and plasma (cell) membrane.
What is the endomembrane system?
The two organelles responsible for producing energy in eukaryotic cells. One is used by plants to build up macromolecules and the other is used by animals to break down macromolecules.
What are the mitochondrion and the chloroplast?