Menstrual Cycle & Conception
This phase of the endometrial cycle involves shedding of the functional layer.
What is the menstrual phase?
The developing human is called this from fertilization until implantation is complete. (conception to through the end of week 2)
What is a zygote?
This acronym stands for Gravida, Term, Preterm, Abortions, Living children.
What is GTPAL?
Conditions with increased thromboembolic risk (e.g., smoking >35, DVT/PE history, migraine WITH aura) are contraindications of which method of birth control?
What are combined oral contraceptives
This organ serves as the site of gas, nutrient, and waste exchange between mother and fetus.
What is the placenta?
This hormone dominates the proliferative phase and stimulates endometrial thickening.
What is estrogen?
The term used for the developing human from about week 3 through week 8 of gestation.
What is an embryo?
This term describes a woman who has never been pregnant.
What is nulligravida?
This injectable progestin contraceptive is given every 11–13 weeks and carries a black-box warning about bone density loss with long-term use.
What is Depo-Provera (medroxyprogesterone acetate)?
This is the functional unit of the placenta where maternal and fetal blood exchange occurs.
What is the chorionic villus?
This negative feedback loop begins in the hypothalamus, involves the pituitary and ovaries, and controls the menstrual cycle.
What is the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis?
Implantation typically occurs this many days after fertilization
What is 6–10 days
This term describes a woman who has given birth once (regardless of number of fetuses) past 20 weeks.
What is primipara/primiparous?
This fertility-awareness method requires tracking prior cycle lengths to predict fertile days and is one of the least reliable methods and requires normal cycle lengths.
What is the calendar method?
What are the functions of amniotic fluid?
Amniotic fluid serves these protective functions for the fetus (cushioning, temperature regulation, allows movement, prevents cord compression).
Regular ovulatory cycles typically become established this many years after menarche
What is approx 1 year?
This hormone, produced first by the corpus luteum and later by the placenta, is essential for maintaining the uterine lining.
What is progesterone?
What is Subtracting 3 months from the LMP and adding 7 days (and 1 year) OR adding 7 days and 9 months to the LMP
This/these are considered the most reliable reversible methods of contraception, with failure rates under 1%.
What are LARCs (IUDs and the contraceptive implant)?
This fetal shunt allows blood to bypass the fluid-filled lungs by connecting the pulmonary artery to the aorta.
What is the ductus arteriosus?
his is the typical lifespan of an ovulated ovum if not fertilized.
What is 24 hours?
his category of fertility treatment includes IVF, IUI, and ICSI.
What is Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)?
Amenorrhea, nausea, and breast tenderness are examples of this category of pregnancy sign — subjective, reported by the patient only.
What are presumptive signs?
This/these methods of contraception are not readily reversible and can be utilized in both male and female patients
What is sterilization? (bilateral tubal ligation and vasectomy)
This ultrasound technique assesses blood flow velocity/resistance in vessels such as the umbilical artery to evaluate placental function commonly used with IUGR.
What is Doppler (blood flow) analysis?