Chapter 1
The theory that living things come from living things.
What is biogenesis?
Organisms that don't contain nucleus and organelles.
What are prokaryotes?
Organelles responsible for ATP synthesis through cellular respiration.
What are mitochondria?
The only type of microscope that can be used to observe viruses.
Compare and contrast gram negative and gram positive bacteria
Gram negative: Thin peptidoglycan, has an outer membrane, stains pink, has Lipopolysaccharides in outer membrane which act as endotoxin
Gram positive: Thick peptidoglycan, no outer membrane, stains purple, has teichoic acids
Scientist that created postulates to determine that an infectious agent is the cause of an infectious disease.
Who is Robert Koch?
Dormant structure that bacteria form under starvation and is considered the most resistant microbial form.
What is endospore?
Organelle involved in protein synthesis and transport.
What is rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Viruses without an envelope.
What are naked viruses?
1. Fungi are classified as prokaryotic organisms because they lack a membrane-bound nucleus.
2. The rigid cell wall of fungi is primarily composed of chitin.
3. Ergosterol is a key component of the fungal cell membrane and serves as a primary target for many antifungal medications.
4. Yeasts are multicellular, filamentous fungi that form dense networks called mycelia.
1. False
2. True
3. True
4. False
Field of biotechnology related to the modification of microbial genes to allow the production of hormones, vaccines, etc.
What is genetic engineering?
Major component of the bacterial cell wall.
What is peptidoglycan?
Eukaryotic organism with cell walls and are considered to be major decomposers in the environment.
What are fungi?
Type of viruses that replicate in the nucleus of the cell.
What are DNA viruses?
1. Thermally dimorphic fungi exist as molds at room temperature (25°C) but shift to a yeast form at human body temperature (37°C).
2. Fungi are photosynthetic autotrophs that synthesize their own food using sunlight.
3. A single virus particle can contain both double-stranded DNA and single-stranded RNA within its capsid.
4. The viral envelope is typically composed of a lipid bilayer acquired from the host cell's membranes.
1. True
2. False
3. False
4. True
British physician and a pioneer in the use of aseptic technique in medical procedures.
Who is Joseph Lister?
Place in the bacterial cell where most of the ATP is produced through cellular respiration.
What is cell/plasma/cytoplasmic membrane?
Eukaryotic organisms that are unicellular and lack cell walls.
What are protozoa?
Stage of viral multiplication associated with destruction of the capsid within the cell.
What is uncoating?
1. Retroviruses, such as HIV, utilize an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to copy their RNA genome into DNA.
2. Antiviral medications are designed to target and destroy the peptidoglycan layers of a virus particle.
3. Oncogenic viruses have the ability to integrate into the host genome and stimulate uncontrolled cell division.
1. True
2. False
3. True
Father of epideimiology
Who is John Snow?
Lipid found in the cell wall of Mycobacteria that confers more impermeability to dyes and resistance to acid.
What is mycolic acid?
Structure found in the cytoplasm of a cell that is responsible for anchoring organelles and for changes in cell shape.
What is cytoskeleton?
When a temperate phage introduces a new trait into a bacterial strain and can make it more pathogenic.
What is lysogenic conversion?
1. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is primarily responsible for the synthesis of proteins destined for the plasma membrane.
2. Mitochondria contain their own circular DNA and 70S ribosomes, supporting the endosymbiotic theory.
3. The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids received from the endoplasmic reticulum.
1. False
2. True
3. True