Micro Basics/Intro
History of Micro
Eukaryote Microbes
Parts of a Cell
Misc.
100
Define microbiology
Branch of biology that studies small living things that are not visible to the naked eye
100
Name 2 of the 3 reasons Louis Pasteur holds significance in the microbiology world
1. Pasteurizing
2. Swan neck flask experiments
3. Rabies vaccination
100
What are the three eukaryotic microbes we discussed in class?
Fungi, protozoans, and helminths
100
what are bacteria cell walls comprised of?
Peptidoglycan
100
Name two morphologies of bacterial cells
Rods, coccus, spirillum, and spirochetes
200
Name the three domains of life
Archaea, Eukarya, and Bacteria
200
Name a reason Koch's postulates fail
Microbe can't be cultured in a lab, microbe is opportunistic, asymptomatic carriers, microbe gene needs to be turned off or on
200
Name the three major types of fungi
OR
Name the three life cycle stages of parasitic worms
Yeasts, hyphae, dimorphic
Egg, Larvae, Adult
200
Name a cellular structure used for motility
Flagella or cilia
200
What is penicillin and how does it function as an antibiotic?
It is a fungi and it targets the cell wall
300
Briefly explain the differences between general microbiology, medical microbiology, and pathogenic microbiology
General microbiology covers microorganisms that live in all types of environments (soil, air, water, other organisms, etc.)
Pathogenic microbiology covers microorganisms that cause disease
Medical microbiology covers the path micro, along with microbiome health, and immune interactions
300
Why is Robert Hooke significant?
Viewed cells through a compound microscope
Proposed the idea that all living things are made up of cells
300
Cestodes and trematodes are the two morphologies of what kind of parasite?
Parasitic flatworms
300
What is a plasmid?
extrachromosomal DNA that some bacteria have that can be transferred between one another
300
Candida albicans is the opportunistic fungi that is associated with thrush and vaginal yeast infections. How is this related to HIV?
When the immune system is weakened by HIV, Candida albicans uses the opportunity to take over. It is often one of the first signs of HIV. Dentists were often the first to catch a patient with HIV. Important to note, you can definitely have thrush without having HIV.
400
Roughly what % of microbes are opportunistic pathogens?
10%
400
Who is nicknamed "the father of microbiology"
Antony Van Leeuwenhoek
400
Name the two forms of a protozoan. In 1-2 words, what are the purposes or activities of these two forms?
Trophozoite (eating form) and cyst (dormant form)
400
What is the name of this flagella structure?
A. Peritrichous
B. Amphitrichous
C. Lophotrichous
D. Monotrichous
C. Lophotrichous
400
How many species of pathogenic archaea are there that we know of?
zero
500
Define Nosocomial infections and provide an example of one. Generally, why do these infections occur?
Define: Hospital acquired infection
Examples: C. Diff, MRSA, respiratory illnesses, UTIs, etc.
Reasons: Many sick people in one place, weakened immune systems, invasive surgeries
500
Who was Francesco Redi?
Performed experiment to prove maggots did not spontaneously generate on rotting meat
500
Explain the concept of endosymbiosis and give an example
Mutualistic relationship formed between eukaryotic cell (archaea), and bacteriae. Likely originated as either parasitism or predation. An example would be chloroplasts or mitochondria.
500
Explain the glycocalyx
"exterior coating of repeating polysaccharide or glycoprotein units." It can provide defense against the host's immune system, form biofilms, aide in attachment, and/or prevent nutrient loss
500
Why does the word "species" have a different meaning in bacteria than it does in zoology?
In zoology, a species is defined under the idea that animals can mate with each other. Bacteria reproduce asexually, and are therefore, grouped into species based on genetic similarities