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Biology - DNA and the Scientific Method
Mitosis and Meiosis
Mendel and Hardy-Weinberg
Microevolution
Systematics and Phylogenetics
100
The smallest and most basic unit of life that makes up every living organism.
What is a CELL?
100
The number of haploid daughter cells formed after meiosis.
What is 4?
100
An alternative variant of a GENE.
What is an ALLELE?
100
The ultimate source of genetic variation.
What is MUTATION?
100
A group of actually or potentially INTERBREEDING organisms that are REPRODUCTIVELY ISOLATED from other such groups.
What is a SPECIES?
200
A possible explantation that can be tested by observations and/or experimentation.
What is a HYPOTHESIS?
200
Two identical DNA molecules attached at the centromere of each chromosome.
What are sister chromatids?
200
The frequency of heterozygotes under Hardy-Weinberg.
What is 2pq ?
200
A process that may select traits for MATE CHOICE or COMPETITION FOR MATES.
What is SEXUAL SELECTION?
200
The PATTERN of species change WITHIN A LINEAGE.
What is ANAGENESIS?
300
Replication of the DNA based on each of the original strands used as templates to produce two identical double-stranded DNA molecules.
What is SEMICONSERVATIVE REPLICATION?
300
The division that results in the separation Homologous Chromosomes.
What is Meiosis I?
300
Alleles from DIFFERENT GENES separate independently of one another in the formation of gametes.
What is the LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT?
300
Four Microevolutionary Processes that may change allele and genotype frequencies in populations.
What is MUTATION, MIGRATION, GENETIC DRIFT, and NATURAL SELECTION?
300
The process by which two populations with overlapping distribution may become reproductively isolated species.
What is SYMPATRIC SPECIATION?
400
A DNA sequence that contains the genetic information for a specific protein/polypeptide.
What is a GENE?
400
The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
What is Crossing-Over (or RECOMBINATION)?
400
Genes that are located at close proximity in the same chromosome.
What are LINKED GENES?
400
A change in the DNA that does not results in a change in the PROTEIN sequence.
What is a SYNONIMOUS SUBSTITUTION?
400
A group or taxon that includes all descendants of a SINGLE COMMON ANCESTOR.
What is a MONOPHYLETIC GROUP?
500
The process by which genetic information in the DNA is copied into a messanger RNA molecule that serves as a template for protein synthesis.
What is TRANSCRIPTION?
500
The process that divides a cell into two daughter cells at the end of mitosis.
What is CYTOKINESIS?
500
3:1 ratio of phenotypes for a dominant-inherited trait.
What is the proportion of phenotypes after a MONO-HYBRID CROSS? or What is the espected ratio of offsrping from a cross of two heterozygotes?
500
Selection favoring phenotypes at one extreme of the distribution.
What is DIRECTIONAL SELECTION?
500
Similarity due to Convergent Evolutionary, Paralel Evolution, or Evolutionary Reversals (not COMMON ANCESTRY).
What is a HOMOPLASIA?