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Chemistry
Anatomical Terms
Chemistry II
Orientation
Macromolecules
100
What is kinetic and potential energy?
Kinetic- energy in action Potential- stored (inactive) energy
100
Describe anatomical position.
Standing straight with head forward, feet slightly apart, arms at side with palms of hands facing forward.
100
Name 4 types of energy.
Chemical- stored in bonds Electrical Mechanical Radiant or electromagnetic Kinetic Potential
100
What is anatomy and what is physiology?
Anatomy- study of structure Physiology- study of function
100
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
200
State the structural order of cells, atoms, organ, etc) from smallest to largest
Atoms, molecules, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
200
Act out adduction and abduction.
Adduction: moving body part toward midline Abduction: moving body part away from midline
200
What are the components of an atom and their charges?
Protons + Electrons - Neutrons = no charge/neutral
200
Name 4 survival needs of an organism
1. Oxygen 2. Water 3. Nutrients (food) 4. Appropriate temperature 5. Appropriate atomospheric pressure
200
What are starches and sugars? What are three classes of this?
Carbohydrates Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharide
300
What subatomic particle determines what element it is?
The # of protons Change in # of neutrons = isotopes Change in # of electrons= ions
300
Bending your foot upwards would be called?______ Bending your foot so your toes are pointed to floor is called?____
1. Dorsiflexion 2. Plantarflexion
300
Fill in the blanks about the types of ions: 1. A(n) ____ has a negative charge because it has ____an electron(s). 2. A(n)_____ has a positive charge because it has ____ an electron(s). 3. Tell a way that you can remember the difference between these two.
1. Anion, gained 2. Cation, lost 3. Anion (a negative ion)
300
What kind of anatomy is the study of how the body structure changes throughout life?
Developmental anatomy
300
What are some types of lipids?
Neutral fats or triglycerides Phospholipids Steriods Eicosanoids
400
What is: 1. Atomic # 2. Mass # 3. Atomic weight
1. # of protons in nucleus, determines what element it is 2. Total # of protons and neutrons in nucleus 3. Average of all the mass numbers of an element (d/t isotopes)
400
Describe:(only uses anatomical terms i.e superior not top) 1. Frontal (coronal) plane 2. Transverse plane 3. Sagittal plane
1. Divides into anterior and posterior sections 2. Divides body into superior and inferior sections 3. Divides body into left and right sections
400
Describe the pH scale.
Scale 0-14 Less than 7= Acidic Greater than 7= Basic (alkaline) 7= neutral
400
What subdivision of anatomy is being described? 1. Study of large body parts, what you see with the naked eye. 2. Studying all the parts in a particular area of the body 3. Studying internal structures by how it affects the skin on top.
1. Gross (macroscopic) 2. Regional 3. Surface
400
Describe the differences between DNA and RNA.
DNA- double stranded, A,T, C,G, deoxyribose RNA- single stranded, A, U, C, G, ribose
500
Describe: 1. Ionic bonds 2. Covalent bonds and polar/ nonpolar 3. Hydrogen bonds
1. Atoms in ionic bond gain or lose electron(s). 2. Share electrons. Polar= Unequal sharing Nonpolar= equal sharing 3. Attraction of slightly positive and slightly negative atoms (polar i.e. H2O
500
Describe: Supination Pronation
1. Lying on back, or palm facing upward 2. Lying on stomach, or palm facing downward
500
Are enzymes changed when they help catalyze or speed up a reaction?
No
500
What is the difference between axial and appendicular regions?
Axial: trunk, head, and neck Appendiular, upper and lower limbs (appendages)
500
Describe the four types of protein structure: 1. primary 2. Secondary 3. Tertiary 4. Quaternary
1. Line of amino acids- makes polypeptide chain 2. Primary chain makes spirals (a-helices) or beta pleated sheets 3. Secondary structure folds back on itself 4. Two or more polypeptides with tertiary structure combine- make functional protein