Ovine
Through what structure is milk drawn from the mammary gland?
Teats (or teat canals)
What is the mammary apparatus of cattle, sheep, or goats called?
Udder
How do organ systems communicate with one another across long distances in the body?
Neurotransmitters / hormones
What process occurs when blood vessels widen to release excess heat?
Vasodilation
What behavioral adaptation do swine use to cool down since they cannot sweat efficiently?
Panting / wallowing in mud or water
How does the muscular system generate heat during extreme cold?
Through shivering / involuntary muscle contractions
Which organ system is primarily responsible for filtering liquid metabolic waste?
Urinary system (renal system)
What two major electrolytes do the kidneys regulate to maintain osmotic balance?
Sodium and potassium
What is the primary function of the large intestine regarding water balance?
Water reabsorption and waste concentration
Which compartment of the ruminant stomach absorbs significant amounts of water?
Omasum
Which master endocrine gland releases ADH?
Pituitary gland
How does the circulatory system interact with the digestive system?
Transports absorbed nutrients to body tissues
What hormone lowers blood glucose levels after a meal?
Insulin
What hormone raises blood glucose levels during fasting?
Glucagon
What is prehension?
The act of grasping food to bring it into the mouth
What is mastication?
The process of chewing food
What is the wave-like muscular contraction that moves food down the esophagus?
Peristalsis
What percentage of total body weight in a young animal is composed of water?
approximately 70%
What region of the brain serves as the control center for thermoregulation?
Hypothalamus
Which hormone signals the anterior pituitary to release growth hormone?
GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone) / GHRH
Which organ produces bile to assist in fat digestion?
Liver
What is the primary role of testosterone in animal growth?
Promotes muscle protein synthesis and bone density
What structure on the ovary contains the developing egg?
Follicle
What event is triggered by a surge in Luteinizing Hormone (LH)?
Ovulation
What hormone is produced by the corpus luteum to maintain pregnancy?
Progesterone