Eyewitness Memory
The transformation of an initial experience into a representation
What is encoding?
People in the lineup who are not a suspect.
What are fillers?
The consistent finding that misled participants reliably incorporate these misleading suggestions into their eyewitness reports at a rate higher than control participants who were not misled.
What is the misinformation effect?
When lineup members are presented one at a time and the eyewitness must make an identification decision for the individual before moving to the next member of the lineup.
What is the sequential lineup?
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What is Phish?
The likelihood that a cue will reactivate a memory depends on the overlap between the cue information and the information stored in memory.
What is the encoding specificity principle?
These are variables that affect the accuracy of eyewitness identification and over which the criminal justice system has control.
What are system variables?
The method whereby researchers extend the misinformation effect to create false childhood memories AND the rate at which they are successful in doing so.
What is the memory implantation method and 53.5%?
An approach to demonstrate the relationship between confidence and accuracy, whereby confidence levels for identification decisions are plotted with accuracy rates.
What is the calibration approach?
This is Mr. Pitts' first name
What is William?
The author and year of the study examining the role of attention on memory, where the author overlaid images of faces with images of natural scenery
What is Chun (2005)
When an eyewitness, during an identification process, selects a person from a lineup who most resembles the eyewitness's memory of the culprit relative to the other lineup members
What is the relative-judgment decision process?
When an interviewer increases confidence in an eyewitness's statements, regardless if the statement is true or false (due to misinformation or forced confabulation)
What is confirmatory interviewer feedback?
These are 3 aspects of lineup administration that are uncontroversial and supported by the vast majority of eyewitness researchers.
What are (1) the use of single-suspect lineups, (2) double-blind lineup administration, and (3) the use of unbiased instructions?
The country where the first psychology lab operated.
What is Germany?
When individual retrieval strategies are disrupted by information offered from others in a group during collaborative recall of an event
What is Inhibition Effect?
When a witness eliminates all but one lineup member and then makes a separate decision as to whether that person is the culprit or not.
What is the Elimination Lineup?
When a memory derived from one source is incorrectly attributed to another source.
What is source-misattribution error?
A lineup presentation type that reduces type II errors while also reducing type I errors, but at a lower rate.
What is the sequential lineup procedure?
The novel written by Pynchon about World War II and the use of V-2 rockets.
What is Gravity's Rainbow?
When a recalled memory is processed and stored again into long-term memory.
What is reconsolidation?
The ratio of accurate identification rate with a culprit-present lineup to the inaccurate identification rate with a culprit-absent lineup
What is diagnosticity?
When participants feel pressure to report what they believe the experiment or experimenter is wanting reported
What is experimental demand?
A departure from previous lineup presentation approaches, whereby the eyewitness indicates their confidence level for each person of the lineup, but does not make a categorical decision as to whether an individual is the actual culprit.
What is the culprit likelihood rating approach?
The amount of money a contestant of Jeopardy could theoretically win playing one game.
What is $566,400?