Cardiology
How can we differentiate between cardiac and pleuritic chest pain?
Worse on deep breath, worse with movement or palpation
What are the 2 components of perfusion?
Respiration (exchange of O2) and movement of blood
What is the dose of ASA?
81 mg X4 = 324 mg
List the components of a FAST exam.
Facial droop
Arm
Speech
Time
What is the organ that produces insulin?
Pancreas
What are the main problems associated with Sickle Cell?
Anemia
Clotting - pain
List 2 different lung sounds and how you would describe them.
Wheezing: high pitched, mainly expiration
Rales: fine crackling or bubbling
Rhonchi: low pitched
Stridor: high pitched, upper airway, inspiration
Diminished: decreased sounds
Anaphylaxis: hypotension, hives, upper airway swelling, wheezing, patient is prescribed one
What O2 level do we treat?
<95% or someone stating they are short of breath
List the path a drop of blood takes through the heart.
Vena cava - RA - RV - pulmonary arteries - lungs - pulmonary veins - LA - LV - aorta - body
Name how we can differentiate between COPD and pneumonia.
FEVER, green mucous, Hx
What is the MOA of Aspirin?
What is the difference between TIA and stroke?
TIA: "mini stroke", resolves within 24 hours
Stroke: hemorrhage or occlusion of vessel - brain tissue death
Name 2 ways during evaluation we can differentiate our patient is type I or type II?
Type I: sudden onset, low blood sugar, pale, diaphoretic
Type II: gradual onset, high blood sugar
What is the difference between CHF and an MI?
CHF: heart failure, enlargement of heart vessels, decreased CO
MI: heart tissue damage due to lack of O2
What is the difference between epiglottis and croup?
E: adults and children, drooling, difficulty swallowing
C: seal bark cough, hoarse voice, mainly children
List the contraindications for NTG.
Systolic <100, ED medications or pulmonary HTN
What is status epilepticus?
2 or more seizures without regaining consciousness, longer than 10 minutes
What is End Stage Renal Disease?
Irreversible kidney damage, can't filter or keep fluid balance, patient's are on dialysis
What steps do we take for someone in Cardiac Arrest?
CAB
Begin high quality CPR - rapid defib
Call ALS back up
Ventilate q 5-6 seconds w/ adjunct
Post resuscitation care
What the 2 components of COPD? Describe them.
Emphysema: destruction of alveoli
Chronic bronchitis: excess mucous, and constriction of airways
State the dose and contraindications for Oral Glucose.
15 g
Not able to swallow, BGL > 60mg/dL
List all the components of SNOT (need all 8)
Seizure, stroke, sugar
Narcotics
Oxygen
Temp, toxins, trauma
What is the difference between type I and type II diabetes?
Type I: no insulin, children
Type II: insufficient insulin, adults