Osseous tissue
Movements
Joints
Skeleton
Bone health
100
The primary component of the inorganic matrix is
a. hydroxyapatite crystals
b. osteoid
c. proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins
d. collagen fibers
a. hydroxyapatite crystals
100
What is the primary type of motion allowed by the intercarpal joints?
a. Circumduction
b. Flexion and extension
c. Abduction and adduction
d. Gliding
e. Rotation
d. Gliding
100
An injury to which of the following types of joints during childhood could possibly have lifelong consequences, such as limb deformities and height differences?
a. Symphysis
b. Synchondrosis
c. Syndesmosis
d. Gomphosis
e. Diarthrosis
b. Synchondrosis
100
Which of the following is not part of the axial skeleton?
a. Sternum
b. Sacrum
c. Hyoid
d. Mandible
e. Ilium
e. Ilium
100
Which of the following fractures would most likely occur in the elderly or those with reduced bone mass?
a. Avulsion
b. Greenstick
c. Spiral
d. Compression
e. Impacted
d. Compression
200
The structural unit of cancellous bone is called
a. Osteons (Haversion systems)
b. Canaliculi
c. Lacuna
d. Trabeculae
d. Trabeculae
200
Which movement is uniquely possible at a saddle joint but not at a hinge or pivot joint?
a. Flexion
b. Extension
c. Rotation
d. Opposition
d. Opposition
200
The medial and lateral menisci…
a. Improve the fit between the tibia and femur
b. Provide cushioning between the fibula and tibia
c. Act as shock absorption between the humerus, ulna and radius
d. Helps stabilize the shoulder joint
e. Helps stabilize the hip joint
a. Improve the fit between the tibia and femur
200
The two parietal bones meet at the
a. Coronal suture
b. Frontal suture
c. Sagittal suture
d. Lambdoid suture
e. Hyoid suture
c. Sagittal suture
200
If excessive growth hormone is secreted after the closure of the epiphyseal plate, which condition may occur?
a. Acromegaly
b. Osteogenesis imperfecta
c. Achondroplasia
d. Gigantism
e. Rickets
a. Acromegaly
300
During appositional growth, how does a long bone grow in diameter?
a. By osteoclasts secreting new bone matrix on the inner surface of the medullary cavity
b. By osteoblasts in the periosteum laying down new bone and forming circumferential lamellae
c. By chondrocytes laying down new cartilage, which is then ossified
d. By osteocytes multiplying within existing lacunae and expanding the bone
b. By osteoblasts in the periosteum laying down new bone and forming circumferential lamellae
300
The proximal radioulnar joint allows the arm to rotate and perform
a. Flexion and extension
b. Abduction and adduction
c. Supination and pronation
d. Protraction and retraction
c. Supination and pronation
300
A medical student is studying the anatomy of the hip joint. They identify a triangular thickening on the inferior portion of the articular capsule that helps support the joint. Which ligament has the student most likely identified?
a. Ischiofemoral ligament
b. Iliofemoral ligament
c. Ligament of the head of the femur
d. Pubofemoral ligament
d. Pubofemoral ligament
300
Identify the three sections of the sternum from most superior to most inferior.
a. body, manubrium, xiphoid process
b. body, xiphoid process, manubrium
c. manubrium, xiphoid process, body
d. manubrium, body, xiphoid process
d. manubrium, body, xiphoid process
300
Estrogen plays a critical role in maintaining bone health in both males and females, though more significantly in females. What is the primary mechanism by which a decline in estrogen levels contributes to increased bone loss, especially post-menopause?
a. It increases the lifespan and activity of osteoclasts
b. It increases the kidney's excretion of calcium, leading to calcium deficiency
c. It directly stimulates osteoblast differentiation and activity
d. It reduces the absorption of Vitamin D from the diet, leading to a deficiency in calcium
a. It increases the lifespan and activity of osteoclasts
400
During endochondral ossification, the primary ossification centers usually develop in which region of the long bone?
a. Epiphysis
b. Diaphysis
c. The epiphyseal plate
d. The periosteum
e. The articular cartilage
b. Diaphysis
400
A movement that decreases the angle between two articulating bones in the coronal plane is called
a. Flexion
b. Extension
c. Adduction
d. Abduction
d. Adduction
400
A football player is diagnosed with an injury to the acromioclavicular joint. How should this injury be classified?
a. Unhappy triad
b. Dislocated shoulder
c. Separated shoulder
d. Anterior capsule tear
c. Separated shoulder
400
Which of these pairs of bone markings make up the hip joint?
a. Obturator foramen and Distal condyle
b. Acetabulum and head
c. Obturator foramen and greater trochanter
d. Acetabulum and greater trochanter
b. Acetabulum and head
400
The soft callus formed during fracture repair consists of:
a. Fibrocartilage, collagen fibers, and blood vessels
b. Woven bone
c. Mineralized bone matrix and osteocytes
d. Mature compact bone
e. Lamellar bone
a. Fibrocartilage, collagen fibers, and blood vessels
500
If blood calcium is too low, which of the following will happen?
a. Parathyroid hormone will be released, promoting bone resorption by stimulating osteoblasts
b. Parathyroid hormone will be released, promoting bone deposition by stimulating osteoclasts
c. Parathyroid hormone will be released, promoting bone resorption by stimulating osteoclasts
d. Calcitonin will be released, promoting bone resorption by stimulating osteoclasts
e. Calcitonin will be released, promoting bone deposition by stimulating osteoblasts
c. Parathyroid hormone will be released, promoting bone resorption by stimulating osteoclasts
500
Which joint is capable of performing circumduction?
a. Atlantoaxial joint
b. Plane joints
c. Saddle joints
d. Ball-and-socket joints
e. Both c and d
e. Both c and d
500
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
a. A hinge joint is uniaxial, diarthrotic, and has a joint cavity
b. A synchondrosis is made up of hyaline cartilage and examples include the sternocostal joint and epiphyseal plate
c. A syndesmosis describes articulating bones held together by an interosseous membrane and is classified as synarthrotic
d. A gomphosis is a fibrous joint holding teeth to the mandible and maxilla by periodontal ligaments and is synarthrotic
c. A syndesmosis describes articulating bones held together by an interosseous membrane and is classified as synarthrotic
500
Which of the following bones articulate with the tibia and fibula?
a. Calcaneous
b. Talus
c. Schapoid
d. Cuboid
e. Navicular
b. Talus
500
Which type of bone fracture is generally the most dangerous?
a. Comminuted
b. Compound
c. Greenstick
d. Simple
b. Compound