Articulations
What are the three structural classifications of joint?
Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial
What is a sarcomere?
the basic contractile unit of muscle fiber
NMJ: What neurotransmitter is being released
Universal donor
O negative
List the three components of skin (superficial to deep)
epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
What ae the functional classifications of joints and give a brief explanation of each type.
synarthrosis- immobile joint
amphiarthrosis- slightly moveable joint
diarthrosis- freely moveable joint
Compare the three different types of muscle tissue
Skeletal muscle shapes- cylindric, multi nucleic, Voluntary
Cardiac- branched/ spilt, uninucleate, striated, involuntary
Smooth- uninucleate- not striated, involuntary
Sliding filament theory: what is necessary for the actin sites to be revealed
Calcium
WBC in order from most to least common
Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
What is the difference between thin and thick skin
stratum lucidum
Gomphosis is a type of what joint?
fibrous and synarthrosis
What are the functions features of muscle
Contractility, Excitability, Extensibility, Elasticity
AChE become active once the impulse has slowed down/ stopped
NO! it is always active
Where do platelets come from
megakaryocytes
what are the parts of the dermis ( tissue type)
papillary layer- areolar
reticular layer- dense irregular
What are all the classifications of synovial joints?
Synovial
Uniaxial
Plane
Hinge
Pivot
Multiaxial
Ball/ socket
Biaxial
Condylar
Saddle
What holds calcium in the muscle
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Describe the sliding filament theory.
Calcium binds to troponin
Troponin pulls tropomyosin back. This reveals the actin biding sites
Myosin heads bind to actin binding sites forming a cross bridge
This causes the actin to slide past the myosin shortening the sarcomere.
What is the difference between antigens and antibodies
Antigen is a foreign substance that enters your body
An antibody is a protein produced by your immune system to attack and fight off these antigens
name the layers of the epidermis, deep to superficial
stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum
Name and describe the different types of arthritis
- Osteoarthritis: a degenerative joint disease, in which the tissues in the joint break down over time
– Rheumatoid arthritis: an autoimmune and inflammatory disease
– Gouty arthritis: a type of inflammatory arthritis that causes pain and swelling in your joints
What are the parts of the sarcomere (explain where they are)
A bands
H band (zone)
M line
I band
Describe what occurs at the neuromuscular junction.
Action travels down motor neuron
Impulse reaches the end of neuron and causes vesicle with ACH to release ACH across the motor neuron
ACH discuss across cleft and binds to ACH receptors
Ion(Na) channels open causes impulse to travel along sarcolemma
AchE breaks down Ach and brings it back to motor neuron *
Function of WBC
Neutrophils: phagocytic, not specific
Eosinophils: Parasites and allergic responses
Basophils: allergic responses
Monocytes: engulfs pathogens or debris
lymphocyte: defense against specific pathogens or toxins
List the function and name of the cells in the epidermis
Keratinocytes -preserve against microbial, viral, fungal and parasitic invasion; to protect against UV radiation; and to minimize heat, solute and water loss
Melanocytes- protecting the skin from ultraviolet radiation; synthesizes melanin
Langerhans cells- cutaneous immune system and are likely to induce the first reactions against pathogens encountered via the skin
Merkel cells- important for proper neural encoding of light touch stimuli