Classical Conditioning
This naturally elicits a natural response
Unconditioned Stimulus
Adding a stimulus to increase a behavior
Positive reinforcement
Sensorimotor Stage
Stage from birth-2, learning about the world through senses and motor activity
Absolute Threshold
Minimum stimulation needed to detect a stimulus
This is the response that naturally occurs
Unconditioned Response
Removing a stimulus to increase a behavior
Negative reinforcement
Modeling
Process of observing and imitating behaviors
Preoperational Stage
Stage from 2-6/7, child is using language but cannot do mental operations or logic
Difference Threshold
Minimum difference required to detect a difference
This is paired with an unconditioned stimulus to create a learned association that will later elicit the natural stimulus
Neutral stimulus/conditioned stimulus
Adding a stimulus to decrease a behavior
Shaping
Rewarding successive approximations of desired behavior
Concrete Operations
Stage from 6-11, children can do mental operations and think logically about concrete events
Epithelium
Layer of tissue in the nasal cavity that contributes to olfaction
This is the behavior that is paired with a conditioned stimulus
Removing a stimulus to decrease a behavior
Negative punishment
Generalization
Conditioned response given to stimuli similar to conditioned stimulus
Formal Operations
Final stage beginning at age 12, think logically about abstract concepts
Cochlea
Coiled, bony, fluid-filled structure in the inner ear
Subconscious pairing of neutral stimulus with unconditioned stimulus
Classical Conditioning
Using positive/negative reinforcement/punishment to increase/decrease behavior
Operant Conditioning
Ability to distinguish between conditioned stimulus and non-signalling stimuli
Conservation
Being able to understand the water transferred between two cups is the same amount of water the whole time. Begins typically in Concrete Operations.
Papillae