Chapter 6
Functionalism was an intentional protest against the limitations of ____.
Wundt's experimental psychology and Titchener's structuralism
What was a pervasive theme in Darwin's life that impacted his ability to work?
crippling insomnia, anxiety, opium use, somatic symptoms
Experimental research could be funding by corporate entities
-psychologists could have financially rewarding careers outside of academia
The tenets of Watson's behaviorism were focused on__________________
-observable behaviors
-stimulus and response
-
How did Watson's views on childrearing impact his own children?
They became adults with serious mental health problems.
The term mental tests was coined by Cattell, but it was ________________who originated the concept of mental tests through studying reaction time and the association of ideas.
Galton
The system of "synthetic philosophy" or the idea that knowledge and experience can be explained in termed of evolutionary principles was coined by-
Herbert Spencer
What were the economic influences on applied psychology in the late 1800s, early 1900s.
increasing number of individuals with doctorate degrees
-other psychologists acting out of economic necessity
-spending on public education grew
Presented the law of effect
and law of exercise
Thorndike-brought learning theory to American
According to Watson, the three fundamental emotions displayed by infants were ____
fear, rage, and love
The social zeitgeist during that impacted the growing domination of science instead of Biblical principles on schools of thought in the 1800s was the:
Industrial Revolution
Why is William James considered to be the greatest American psychologist?
He offered an alternative way of looking at the mind-studying people as they adapt to the environment-looking at experience (phenomena) and conditions (the body and brain) in mental life.
How were Catell's mental tests different from IQ tests?
Catell tested motor and sensory capacities
Pavlov's view of animals as "complicated machines" was similar to what earlier school of thought
mechanism
What was Little Albert conditioned to fear?
any furry white thing, such as a rabbit, dog, fur coat, or santa mask
Name two ways Darwin changed the field of psychology
-A new focus on animal psychology
-a new emphasis on the functions rather than the structure of consciousness (the mind)
-The acceptance of methodology and data
-a new focus on the description and measurement of individual differences
Which founder coined the phrase "stream of consciousness?"
James-consciousness is a continuously flowing process and any attempt to reduce it to the elements will distort it.
Stanford-Binet
Mental age divided by chronological age, multiplied by 100.
In a typical conditioning experiment, where a conditioned stimulus (say a light is turned on) and immediately the experimenter presents the unconditioned stimulus (food) and the animal starts to salivate with the paired stimulus, an association or bond has formed. Therefore _________________ is necessary for learning.
reinforcement
According to _______________ the goal of psychology would be the prediction and control of __________
What did Darwin mean when he referred to himself as the "Devil's Chaplain" and stated his work was like confessing to Murder?
Because he knew that the idea of evolution was being condemned by conservative authorities in the church, who viewed it as degenerative and subversive-if humans were like animals, the result would cause civilization to collapse
Describe Hall's recapitulation theory of development and how did it echo evolutionary theory?
Hall believed that children's development repeats the life history of the human race (from "near savage" tp a
rationalized, civil" human being
What population/ events highlighted the impact of racial/ cultural bias in testing?
Goddard visited Ellis island and administered IQ tests to immigrants, who had a poor grasp on the English language.
The area of research for which Pavlov won a Nobel Prize was in____________-
digestion
On what grounds did McDougall oppose or criticize Watson's behaviorism?
He argued that introspection provides meaning to experiences-behaviorism allows no room for free will or choice-behaviorists do not allow room for subjective experiences that cannot be explained or observed.