Cells
What are the two kinds of cells and what is the main difference between the two?
What is prokaryotic and eukaryotic; Prokaryotic is more basic, no container for DNA, and has less "stuff" inside. Eukaryotic has lots of "stuff" inside, more complex, and has a container for the DNA.
Why are cells so small?
What is to increase surface area and volume.
Molecules/substances can only pass through the phospholipid bilayer if they are what 2 things?
What is small and not charged.
What are the two kinds of transport in the cell membrane?
What is active and passive transport.
What is the digestive enzyme in animal eukaryotic cells?
What is the lysosome
What is the name of the theory that once said that chloroplasts and mitochondria were once independant prokaryotes? What do these 2 structures do in cells (function)?
What is the Endosymbiotic Theory.
Chloroplasts: Photosynthesis
Mitochondria: Cellular respiration/ATP synthesis
What is at least 1 of the statements about cells theory?
What is cells are the most basic unit of life, cells come from other cells (reproduction), and all organisms are made from cells.
Which phrase does not describe one of the functions of the proteins of the plasma membrane?
a)Forming a channel through the membrane
b)Binding to a substance to carry it through the membrane
c)Acting as a receptor for substances external to the cell
d)Increasing the rate of a chemical reaction
e)All of the above are true
What is E; All of the above are true.
What are the kinds of passive transport and what are the kinds of active transport? (6 total)
Passive: diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion
Active: active, endocytosis, exocytosis
Depth of focus is the ability to see a thicker specimen in focus and being able to see its layers.
What are the 3 kinds of cell junctions and what is an example of each?
Tight, bladder
Anchoring, skin/stomach,uterus
Gap, cardiac muscle
What is the primary function of plasmodesmata in plant cells and what are they?
Plasmodesmata are small holes in the cell wall of a plant and they allow for the direct exchange of materials or substances between its own cell and surrounding ones.
All cells have these 4 things in common (structure wise), what are they?
What is a cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes.
What are the 3 "stages"/types of endocytosis in active transport; and what is the main function/thing?
What is phagocytosis (cell eating), pinocytosis (cell drinking), and receptor-mediated (specific molecules bind to receptors then enter a vessicle).
Glycoproteins and glycolipids are important for...
a)facilitated diffusion
b)active transport
c)cell to cell recognition
d)receptor mediated endocytosis
Cell to cell recognition
What provides a plant cell with shape and support? What provides an animal cell shape and support?
What type of transport protein binds its passenger, changes shape, and releases the transported molecule on the other side?
a)Channel protein
b)Carrier protein
c)Aquaporin
d)Concentration gradient
What is B
What component of the fluid mosiac model primarily contributes to the selective permeability of the plasma membrane by forming a semi-permeable barrier?
a)Cholesterol molecules
b)Phospholipid bilayer
c)Peripheral proteins
d)Glycoproteins
What is b; Phospholipid bilayer
Hypertonic: higher concentration than solution; "stuff" goings into thing from dh2o.
Hypotonic: lower concentration, "stuff" goes out of thing and into dh20.
Isotonic: same concentration in everything, "stuff" constantly moves in and out.
Prokaryotic cells have 3 superficial structures that can easily tell them apart from eukarotic cells, what are they?
What is a flagella, capsule, and fimbriae (hairs).
What substance is primarily involved with osmosis?What is osmosis?
a)The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
b)The active transport of solutes across a membrane.
c)The movement of solutes from an area of low concentration to high.
What is water; A.
In a eukaryotic cell, what is the function of each listed?
-Rough and smooth ER
-Mitochondria
-Chloroplast
-Nucleolus
-Golgi apparatus
-Rough ER: protein synthesis
-Smooth ER: lipid synthesis
-Mitochondria: ATP synthesis/cellular respiration
-Chloroplast: photosynthesis
-Nucleolus: makes ribosomes
-Golgi apparatus: "processing center", ships, packages, receives, and modifies proteins and lipids from the ER's.