Pharm
What drug improves contractility and requires apical pulse checks before administration?
Digoxin
What is the first solid food introduced around 6 months of age?
Iron-fortified cereal
What are the components of Cushing’s Triad?
↑ BP, ↓ HR, irregular respirations
What is the most common congenital heart defect?
VSD
What two fetal heart structures close after birth due to increased oxygenation and decreased prostaglandins?
Foramen ovale & Ductus arteriosus
What class of drug is used to reduce cerebral edema in increased ICP?
Osmotic diuretics (e.g., Mannitol)
What GI condition presents with projectile vomiting and a palpable “olive” mass in the RUQ?
Pyloric Stenosis
What does a high-pitched cry and bulging fontanel in an infant indicate?
Increased ICP
What four defects make up Tetralogy of Fallot?
VSD, Pulmonic stenosis, Overriding aorta, RV hypertrophy
What does the QRS complex on an ECG represent?
Ventricular depolarization
What is the treatment for Kawasaki Disease?
IVIG and high-dose aspirin
What syndrome involves a reaction to gluten causing villous atrophy and malabsorption?
Celiac Disease
What is the definitive treatment for hydrocephalus?
VP shunt
What condition causes absent ganglion cells in the colon leading to obstruction?
Hirschsprung Disease
What is the formula for cardiac output and what is it dependent on in infants?
CO = HR × SV; infants rely on HR
What medication is given to maintain a patent ductus arteriosus in certain heart defects?
Prostaglandin E1
What GI disorder is characterized by currant jelly stools and sausage-shaped mass?
Intussusception
Name two signs of bacterial meningitis in older children.
Nuchal rigidity, photophobia
What abdominal wall defect involves herniation without a protective sac?
Gastroschisis
What heart defect is most common in Trisomy 21?
Atrioventricular Canal Defect
Which seizure med requires frequent CBCs due to risk of aplastic anemia?
Felbamate
What is the hallmark symptom of biliary atresia in neonates?
Pale, putty-like stools
What seizure type causes sudden loss of tone, resulting in drop attacks?
Atonic seizure
What are signs of cleft palate complications post-repair?
Stridor, hemorrhage, airway obstruction
What is Starling’s Law in relation to preload?
Greater stretch = stronger contraction