Assessment & Diagnosis
Which type of reliability measures consistency across different evaluators?
Interrater (interjudge) reliability
Which disorder is nicknamed “free-floating anxiety”?
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Name one intrusion symptom commonly seen in PTSD.
Nightmares, flashbacks, or distress at reminders
What is the term for the inability to feel pleasure, often present in depression?
Anhedonia
Which bipolar disorder requires at least one full manic episode?
Bipolar I Disorder
Which type of validity assesses whether a tool predicts future behavior?
Predictive validity
Which neurotransmitter is most linked to GAD due to its inhibitory effect on neural firing?
GABA
Which brain structure becomes hyperactive in trauma disorders, exaggerating fear and threat detection?
The amygdala
What theory suggests depression develops when people believe they have no control over life’s reinforcements?
Learned helplessness (Seligman)
What medication, FDA approved in 1970, is considered a mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder?
Lithium
What classification system is primarily used in the U.S. for diagnosing mental disorders?
DSM-5-TR
Which therapy uses relaxation training and fear hierarchies to treat phobias?
Systematic desensitization
How does Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) differ from PTSD in terms of duration?
ASD occurs days–weeks after trauma; PTSD lasts more than 1 month
Which type of depression is triggered by reduced exposure to sunlight and often treated with light therapy?
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
Which bipolar-related disorder involves numerous periods of mild depression and hypomanic symptoms lasting at least 2 years?
Cyclothymic Disorder
What is comorbidity?
The co-occurrence of two or more disorders in the same individual
Which theory states that worrying serves a positive function by reducing bodily arousal?
Avoidance Theory
Which therapy gradually exposes patients to trauma reminders with the goal of reducing avoidance?
Exposure therapy
What type of antidepressant increases serotonin activity without affecting other neurotransmitters?
SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)
Which bipolar disorder requires at least one major depressive episode and one hypomanic episode, but no full manic episode?
Bipolar II Disorder
What is the main difference between categorical and dimensional information in DSM-5 diagnoses?
Categorical = specific disorder name;
Dimensional = severity ratings across symptoms
What psychosocial approach is often used to treat Social Anxiety Disorder, focusing on improving interpersonal interactions?
Social skills training
Which trauma-related disorder involves difficulty adjusting after a significant life event?
Adjustment Disorder
According to the sociocultural model, why are women diagnosed with depression twice as often as men?
Explanations include artifact theory, hormone changes, life stress, and body dissatisfaction
Which neurotransmitter imbalance is commonly linked to bipolar disorder
High norepinephrine and low serotonin