Problems / disorders
Deficiency of plasma proteins
Hypoproteinemia
What are the five types of leukocytes
–Neutrophils
–Eosinophils
–Basophils
–Lymphocytes
–Monocytes
Endothelial cells riddled with holes called filtration pores (fenestrations)
Fenestrated capillaries
Blood flows through two consecutive capillary networks before returning to heart
Portal system
What blood types can donate to A+ (list all)
O-, O+, A-, A+
weak point in artery or heart wall
Aneurysm
Stimuli for increasing erythropoiesis (name at least 2)
– Low levels O2 (hypoxemia)
– High altitude
– Increase in exercise
– Loss of lung tissue in emphysema
baroreceptors in walls of internal carotid artery, monitors blood pressure
Carotid sinuses
Steps in hemostasis (3 broad steps)
Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation
an excess of RBCs
Polycythemia
Damages heart by increasing afterload
"The silent killer"
Hypertension
remaining fluid when blood clots and solids are removed (absence of fibrinogen)
serum
Produces half of total peripheral resistance
Arterioles
Artery flows directly into vein
Arteriovenous anastomosis (shunt)
automatic neural control, has a negative feedback response
Baroreflex
What happens when osmolarity is too low in the blood
water stays in tissue, drops blood pressure, edema occurs
What layers are in the blood after you centrifuge
plasma, buffy coat, Erythrocytes
Has receptors for erythropoietin (EPO) from kidneys
erythrocyte colony-forming unit
Intrinsic pathway factor order
factor XI to IX to VIII to X
Angiotensin II does what
is a vasoconstrictor that
Raises blood pressure, Promotes Na+ and water retention by kidneys, and Increases blood volume and pressure
– Caused by spasms of diseased cerebral arteries
– Dizziness, loss of vision, weakness, paralysis,
headache, or aphasia
– Lasts from a moment to a few hours
– Often early warning of impending stroke
Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)
Plasma protein not formed by liver (name and where it is formed)
Globulins, plasma cells
Even more porous than capillaries so also exchange fluid with surrounding tissues
Tunica interna with a few fibroblasts and no muscle fibers
Most leukocytes emigrate from the bloodstream through venule walls
Postcapillary venules
Baroreflex steps
(1) high
blood pressure detected
by arterial stretch
receptors; (2) afferent
neuron carries signal to
CNS; (3) efferent signals
on vagus nerve of ANS
travel to the heart;
(4) heart then slows,
reducing blood pressure
AB+ blood type has what agglutinogens
D antigen, A antigens, B antigens
(If something said about having Rh factor instead of D antigen that counts)