Bipolar
Which two classes of medications are most frequently used in the treatment of bipolar disorder?
Mood Stabilizers and Antipsychotics
What gender is more likely to have a completed suicide attempt, and why?
Men, because of the lethality of their attempts
Throughout the lifespan, what is the biggest concern about benzodiazepines and their safety profile?
Dependance
What cluster of personality disorders is best described as odd, eccentric, suspicious, cold, withdrawn, and irrational?
Cluster A: which includes Schizotypal, Paranoid, and Schizoid Personality Disorders
What is the class of medication that is 1st line pharmacological treatment for depression?
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
What is the therapeutic range of lithium?
0.6 - 1.2 mEq/L
Name 5 types of food that should be avoided when someone is taking MAOIs and are considered unsafe due to the risk of a hypertensive crisis?
Avocados
Fermented Bean Curd; Fermented Soybeans; Soybean Paste; Broadbeans, Sauerkraut, Figs, Bananas
Fermented, Smoked, Cured, or aged meats; Spoiled meats, Liver, Bologna, Pepperoni, Salami, air-dried sausage
Pickled herring and smoked salmon; lungfish roe, sliced schmaltz herring in oil, salmon mousse; dried, pickled, or cured fish; fish that is fermented, smoked, or otherwise aged; spoiled fish
Practically All Cheeses
Yeast Extract
Imported Beers, Tap Beers, Some wines, Chianti Wine
Protein dietary supplements, Soups, Soy Sauce
What class of medication is used to treat specific phobias?
None - specific phobias are not treated with medications
Which personality disorder can we strongly assume is completely content with not having any friends or social interactions?
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Why are manic patients more frequently prescribed antipsychotics in contrast to mood stabilizers in the inpatient setting?
Antipsychotics are more likely to cause a rapid reduction of symptoms
What term is used to describe someone who presents with numerous periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms without ever fully meeting criteria?
Cyclothymia
What is the black box warning for people under 25 taking antidepressants?
Increased risk of depression or suicidal thoughts
What specific medication might be ideal for a student who struggles with giving presentations to his classmates?
Propranolol (Inderal)
Which personality is best described as a pattern of excessive emotionality and attention-seeking, who manipulate others through self-dramatization, theatricality, and exaggerated expression of emotion?
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Which class of depression medications is known for its anticholinergic properties?
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
With respect to bipolar disorder, what does the acronym "DIGFAST" stand for?
D - Distractability
I - Impulsivity/Indiscretion
G - Grandiosity
F - Flight of Ideas
A - Activity Increased (hyperactivity)
S - Sleep dysfunction (lack of sleep)
T - Talkativeness
Which biopsychosocial theory explains depression from an environmental, interpersonal, and life-events perspective, combined with biological vulnerability or predisposition?
The Stress–Diathesis Model of Depression
What is the term for the defense mechanism in which an individual unconsciously pushes distressing thoughts, memories, or feelings out of conscious awareness?
Repression
During an inpatient admission, which nursing intervention would be appropriate for someone who has a history of "splitting"?
Assign them with 1 or 2 staff: to maintain consistency, reduce manipulation, and build trust.
What concern is there for titrating (increasing) the dosage of Lamictal in a patient too quickly?
Steven-Johnson Syndrome (SJS)
What two [discussed] classes of medications are contraindicated in someone who is prescribed lithium?
NSAIDs
Dieurtics
Name and the four types of brain stimulation therapies and briefly describe how they are done.
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) - electric current passes through the brain, stimulating a seizure, changing brain chemistry, and treating illness.
Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) - a surgically implanted device generates a pulse that triggers the vagus nerve.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) - An electromagnetic coil is placed on the patient's head, triggering a pulse to brain regions that affect mood.
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) - Surgically implanted electrodes are placed in the areas of the brain affecting depression.
What is the primary difference between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD)
People with OCD are aware of what they are doing as a release of anxiety, while people with OCPD are unaware and are stubbornly perfectionistic.
Which personality disorder cannot be diagnosed in the pediatric population, and what is it called before the age of 18 if the criteria are otherwise met?
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Tricyclic antidepressants increase which neurotransmitters in the brain to induce their therapeutic effect?
Norepinephrine
Serotonin