Joints
Which is the most immovable joint type?
Synostosis
What are the three muscle types?
Smooth, Skeletal, Cardiac
What is a sarcomere?
From z-disc to z-disc. Contractile unit
When exercising, what method of making ATP does you use first? And what do you use to get the neccesary materials?
Aerobic from Myoglobin
Explain the causes and syptoms of TMJ syndrome
Tension, misalignment of teeth
Pain, headaches, clicking of jaw
List the 3 types of Synarthrosis Joints
Syndesmoses, Gomphoses, Sutures
Explain these terms: Agonist, Antagonist, Synergist, and Fixator
Agonist- prime mover
Synergist- aids prime mover
Antagonist- Opposes agonist
Fixator- prevents movement of bone
Which filament is thick and which is thin
Myosin- thick
Actin- thin
Explain Isotonic and Isometric contractions
Isotonic- moves object
Isometic- holds object out
What is the difference in Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid arthtitis
Osteoarthritis- Wear and tear
Rheumatoid- Autoimmune
List the names of the 4 types of joints (technical names)
Synostosis (bony), Synarthrosis (Fibrous), Amphiarthrosis (Cartilage), Diarthrosis (Synovial)
What is a motor unit?
A motor neroun and the muscle fibers it stimulates
Smaller motor unit= more precise movement
Explain how a muscle contraction occurs
ACh, Na+ challens open, Calcium channels open, troponin moves tropomyosin, uncovers binding sites, Actin and Myosin bind
Explain the 3 fiber types.
Size, color, Strength, and endurance
Fast Glycolytic
Fast Oxidative Glycolytic
Slow Oxidative
How do you get Myasthenia gravis?
Autoimmune
Draw and label a synovial joint
Articular Capsule- Fibrous and Synovial Membranes
Synovial Cavity (w/ synovial fluid)
Articular cartilage
Explain what the connective tissues separate in the muscle
Epimysium-whole muscle
Perimysium- Fasicles
Endomysium- Fibers
List the Structural, Regulatory, and Contractile Proteins and explain them
Structural- Dystrophin and Titin
Contractile- Actin and Myosin
Regulatory- Troponin and Tropomyosin
Explain what happens during the periods of a muscle twitch
Latent
Contraction
Relaxation
Explain the difference in Curare and Botulinum Toxin
Curare- blocks release of ACh
Botox- Blocks ACh receptors
List the names of all the different synovial joint types
Planar, Hinge, Ball-and-socket, Saddle, Condyloid, Pivot
List the names and a description of all of the fasicle orientations
Fusiform
Parallel
Triangular
Circular
Unipennate
Bipennate
Multipennate
Draw and label a sarcomere
Thick-Myosin
Thin- Actin
Z-disc
M-line
Zone of overlap
A band
I band
H zone
List the methods of making ATP when exercising in order. Say roughly how long they last, how they make ATP, and how much ATP they make.
Aerobic (Myoglobin), 36, only up to 10 sec
Phosphagen, 1, up to 15 sec
Anaerobic, 2, 30-40 sec
Aerobic, once heart beats fast enough, 36
Explain Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. How you get it, what group gets it, what happens.
X-linked, men, Sarcolemma tears with contractions