Inflammation & Immunity
What are the five classic signs of inflammation
What are redness, warmth, swelling, pain, and loss of function
This immunoglobulin is most closely associated with allergic reactions
What is IgE
These two laboratory tests are commonly used as nonspecific indicators of inflammation.
What are CRP and ESR
(C-reactive protein)
(Erythrocyte sedimentation rate)
This form of arthritis is primarily degenerative and commonly worsens with activity
What is Osteoarthritis (OA)
A patient with a newly replaced hip suddenly reports severe pain and the affected leg appears shortened and abnormally rotated. What complication should the nurse suspect?
What is hip dislocation
This type of immunity is present from birth and provides the body's first line of defense
What is Innate immunity
A patient develops sneezing, itching, and watery eyes after exposure to pollen. This type of hypersensitivity reaction is mediated primarily by this antibody.
What is IgE
A patient taking ibuprofen reports black, tarry stools. The nurse should be most concerned about this complication
What is GI bleeding
What is Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
After a total hip replacement, the nurse teaches the patient not to cross their legs, avoid excessive hip flexion, and avoid excessive internal rotation. What complication are these precautions designed to prevent?
What is hip dislocation
These white blood cells are typically the first responders during an acute inflammatory response
What are Neutrophils
IgE binds to these cells, causing the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators during an allergic reaction.
What are mast cells
A patient with Rheumatoid arthritis is prescribed methotrexate. Which two major laboratory areas should the nurse monitor?
What are CBC and liver function
a patient with gout suddenly develops an extremely painful, red, hot, swollen great tor. What is causing the inflammation?
What are monosodium urate crystals deposited in the joint
Four hours after a total knee replacement, which finding requires the nurse's immediate attention: pain rated 6/10, mild edema, numbness and inability to move the foot, or an elevated temperature of 99.5F
What is numbness and inability to move foot
(This suggest possible Neurovascular compromise.)
A patient receives a vaccine and develops antibodies against the pathogen. This is an example of what type of immunity?
What is active acquired immunity
A patient receiving an antibiotic suddenly develops wheezing, facial swelling, hypotension, and difficulty breathing. What medication should the nurse administer?
What is IM Epinephrine
A patient taking long-term prednisone says, "I'm feeling better, so I'm just going to stop taking it today" what is the nurse's best response?
What is "You should not abruptly stop long-term corticosteroid therapy because of the risk of adrenal insufficiency."
Synovial fluid from a patient with suspected gout reveals needle-shaped crystals with strong negative birefringence. What diagnosis does this support?
What is Gout
A patient with rheumatoid arthritis takes an immunosuppressive medication and now has a temperature of 102F which action should the nurse take first?
What is assess for infection and notify healthcare provider promptly
A patient receives immunoglobulin after exposure to a disease and immediately receives ready-made antibodies. What type of immunity has the patient received, and why does it work quickly?
What is Passive immunity, because the patient receives preformed antibodies rather than producing them.
A patient develops anaphylaxis after achieving a medication. Place these nursing actions in the correct order: administer epinephrine, maintain airway, assess breathing/circulation, and provide additional medications such as antihistamines or corticosteroids.
What is:
1. Recognize the emergency/assess (ABC)
2. Administer IM epinephrine
3. Support airway and breathing/oxygen as indicated
4. Give adjust medications such as antihistamines/corticosteroids as ordered
A patient taking an immunosuppressive biologic medication develops a fever and sore throat. What should the nurse do?
What is recognize possible infection and notify the healthcare provider/assess the patient promptly
A patient asks why they are taking allopurinol for gout. Which response made by the nurse is correct?
What is
"Allopurinol lowers uric acid levels and helps prevent future gout attacks; it is not a medication for immediate pain relief"
The nurse is caring for four postoperative joint-replacement patient. Which patient should be assessed FIRST?
A. patient reporting pain 7/10
B. Patient with mild swelling around the operative knee
C. Patient with sudden shortness of breath and chest pain
D. Patient requisition assistance to the bathroom
What is the patient with sudden shortness of breath and chest pain?