What are the names for these biofilms?
1) Diphtheria
2) Dental plaque
3) Necrotizing faucitis
4) C. diff
What is the term for bacteria present in the blood but not multipying?
bacteremia
5.0-6.0
What are the 4 phases of bacterial growth in a batch culture?
Lag, log, static, death
What are the three types of hemolysis and what they mean and look like?
alpha - partial hemolysis; greenish / brown color;
some clearing
beta - complete hemolysis, complete clearing around growth due to complete lysis of RBCs
gamma - no hemolysis, nothing changes to the culture plate
What is the acceptable range of viable numbers for the SPC procedure?
30-300 colonies
What type of microbial interaction is in this picture?
Sibling warfare
Detection of gas production in broth culture fermentations, requires the use of what kind of tube?
Durham tube
What type of UV light is most effective at killing bacteria?
UV C
What are the general steps to a viral multiplication cycle?
adsorption
penetration
synthesis
maturation
release
What is the definition of each of these?
Bactericide
Fungicide
Germicide / microbicide
Sporicide
Virucide
B - Chemical that destroys bacteria except for those in the endospore stage
F - Chemical that can kill fungal spores, hyphae, yeasts
G - Chemical agents that kill microorganisms
S - An agent capable of destroying bacterial endospores
V - Chemical known to inactivate viruses, especially on living tissue
What are the 4 types of viral nucleic acids?
Double-stranded DNA
Single-stranded DNA
Double-stranded RNA
Single-stranded RNA
Match each of the following test tubes of bacterial growth in thioglycolate broth medium with each one’s corresponding type of bacterial oxygen requirement characteristics.
1) Obligate aerobic
2) Obligate anerobic
3) Facultative anaerobes
4) Aerotolerant anaerobes
What substances disrupt cell membranes by inserting into the phospholipid bilayer of the cytoplasmic membrane?
polymyxins
What dose % absorbance and % transmittance of a bacterial culture means with regard to bacterial culture population sizes?
% absorbance means the light that is absorbed by a sample, often used to assess the concentration of a microbial population size in a culture.
% transmittance means the amount of light that passes through a sample compared to the light that enters it.
What forms of radiation are ionizing or non-ionizing?
UV light - non-ionizing
X-rays - ionizing
Gamma rays - ionizing
What are the definitions to these terms?
Antisepsis/degermation
Disinfection
Sterilization
Decontamination/sanitization
S - elimination of any microbial contamination
Disinfection - the process of eliminating or reducing pathogenic microorganisms from surfaces or instruments
A - antiseptic / aseptic techniques and agents
Decontamination - removing or neutralizing contaminants from surfaces to make them safe to handle
What type of viruses cause common colds?
Rhinovirus
Adenovirus
Parainfluenza virus
What type of pathogen are they, what disease(s) each causes, and examples of each:
a. Adenovirus
b. Bacillus anthracis
c. H1N1
d. Rubella
e. Staphylococcus aureus
A) non-enveloped, dsDNA; URT; human adenovirus C
B) g(+), endospore forming, bacillus; anthrax; bacillus anthracis strain Ames or sterne
C) enveloped ssRNA virus; Influenza; Influenza A & B
D) enveloped ssRNA virus; German measles, CRS; rubella virus
E) g(+), catalase(+), bacterial cocci; skin infections, invasive infections; MRSA or MSSA
What are the general/specific types of bacteria for each type of fermentation?
Glucose fermentation
Lactose fermentation
Mannitol fermentation
G - common in many bacteria
L - common in enteric bacteria
M - common in some staph bacteria, specifically staph. aureus
What are the temperature ranges of each of these?
Extreme thermophiles/Hyperthermophiles
Mesophiles
Psychrophiles
Psychrotrophs
Thermophiles
Extreme - 65 - 100 C
Meso - 15 – 45 degrees C; 37 C is usually optimum for most
Philes - < 20 C
Trophs - 0 - 30 C
Thermo - 60 C
What are the different ways that a microaerophilic environment and completely anaerobic environment can be generated?
Microaerophilic - candle jar, thioglycolate medium
Completely Anaerobic - anaerobe jar, thioglycolate medium
Rank each of the following infectious agents in order from most resistant to microbial control agents to least resistant to microbial control agents. (1 being the most, 5 being the least)
Bacterial endospores
Enveloped viruses
Fungi and fungal spores
Mycobacterium spp.
Nonenveloped viruses
1) Bacterial endospores
5) Enveloped viruses
3) Fungi and fungal spores
2) Mycobacterium spp.
4) Nonenveloped viruses
When phage nucleic acid is incorporated into the nucleic acid of its host cell and is replicated when the host DNA is replicated, this is considered part of which cycle?
lysogenic conversion cycle
What are examples of opportunistic pathogens? The pathogen in the chapter 11 case study?
case study - Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum
examples - e. coli, candida albicans