Anatomy of the Neurons
These receive signals from other neurons in the form of chemicals from other signals.
Dendrites
What do cells communicate with?
Neurotransmitters
The point where the optic nerve exits the eye, lacking photoreceptor cells
The blind spot.
What will happen to the pupil when illumination is low?
The pupil will dilate.
What lobe of the brain assists directly in vision from the eye?
The occipital lobe
What are negatively or positively charged particles?
Ions
What is it called when the resting potential of a neuron is not at zero?
Polarized
What structure in the eye is the outermost surface of the eye in the front that is clear and dome shaped?
Cornea
What is the primary function of the lens in the human eye?
To focus light on to the retina.
What monoamine neurotransmitter helps regulate mood, sleep, digestion, and sexual arousal?
Serotonin
What is one of the rules that Na+ will follow?
Wants to be in areas of low concentration
Which amino acid neurotransmitter is derived from Glutamate and helps to calm and relax the nervous system?
GABA
What is the part of the eye beyond the lens called?
The Retina
What happens to the lens when the eye is focused on something near?
The lens is cylindrical
How many layer of cells are within the retina?
5
At the generation of action potentials we have this first step: the sum of depolarization or hyperpolarization reaching the axon initial segment at any point is sufficient to depolarize the membrane. (-65 mV)
The threshold of excitement.
What happens to a cell when neurotransmitters hyperpolarize it?
It moves from -70 mv to -72 mv
Where the axons of retinal ganglion cells penetrate the retina and exit the eye (this area has no receptors, creating a blind spot.
The optic disk
This structure is found at the top and bottom of the retina and leave together at the back of the eye.
The optic nerve
How does light enter the human eye?
Through the cornea, then the pupil, and focused by the lens.
For a brief (1-2 milliseconds) after the initiation of AP which it is possible to elicit another (we are using the momentum here). What is this called?
The absolute refractory period.
What happens after the threshold of excitement (when the sum of the depolarization or hyperpolarization reaches the axon’s initial segment at any point to depolarize the membrane)?
Action Potential
What is the first layer of cells within the retina, where light falls?
Retinal Ganglion Cells
What helps us to make a three-dimensional perception from a two-dimensional retinal image?
Binocular Disparity
After the neurotransmitter does its job, it gets broken down by enzymes, or it can be taken back up into the original nerve cell for reuse. This process helps regulate how long the neurotransmitter's signal lasts.
Breakdown or reuptake