You
What is the enzyme that the pancreas produces that breaks down proteins?
proteases
What sphincter malfunction causes GERD?
Lower esophageal sphinctr
What influences someone's response to alcohol?
Ethnicity, gender, and genetics
What pathway is used during low to moderate intakes of alcohol?
ADH pathway
What kind of things will a lacto vegetarian consume? A ovo vegetarian? Lacto-ovo vegetarian?
Lacto: dairy and plants
Ovo: eggs and plants
Lacto ovo: eggs, dairy, and plants
What enzyme is made in the pancreas that breaks down fats?
lipase
What is the role of the bacteria in the large intestine?
Gas production
creates short-chain fatty acids
Makes vitamin K and biotin
What is a potential benefit of alcohol consumption?
Increase HDL
What pathway is used during moderate to high levels of alcohol intake?
MEOS pathway
fluid balance
fight infection by making antibodies
makes up enzymes
What enzyme breaks down carbohydrates? Where does carbohydrate digestion start?
Amylase
Mouth
What is the RDA of protein for healthy adults?
0.8 kg/g
Will someone need more or less than this if they have an injury, are ill, or are an athlete?
What is the main site of alcohol metabolism?
Liver
What is the AMDR of protein?
10-35%
What system do fats get absorbed into?
lymphatic system
What is the wave-like movement that the digestive system conducts to propel food called?
peristalsis
What is the role of bile during digestion?
breaks down fats because it is an emulsifier
What happens if there is an excess amount of carbs, protein, and fat eaten?
Converted to fat (adipose tissues) through lipogenesis
Why does the pancreas make bicarbonate?
to neutralize the chyme from the stomach
What covers the small intestine that absorbs nutrients?
Microvili and vili
What is the main role of the stomach in digestion and absorption?
To mix the food to form chyme
To break down proteins
Does the stomach produce enzymes to break down other macronutrients?
Where is bile made? Concentrated?
Made in the liver
Concentrated in the gallbladder
What is the energy currency body?
ATP
Where is the microbiota located?
Large intestine
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic pathways? Which one makes more ATP?
Anaerobic- no oxygen
Aerobic- needs oxygen
Aerobic makes more ATP