NAME THAT PHILOSOPHER
This deontologist is credited as the creator of the Categorical Imperative
Who is Immanuel Kant?
Leibniz claims we live in a deterministic world because this omnipotent being found the "blueprint" for the best possible world and decided to create us
Who is God?
This type of duty, such as volunteering at a soup kitchen, is one we must fulfill only sometimes
What is an imperfect duty?
The doctrine that every event and action is completely determined by prior events
What is determinism?
What if ... you are trapped in a room with your new born baby and a group of strangers, and your baby is about to cough, but if your baby coughs, the murderer will hear it and kill everyone
What is the baby problem? *This will not be on the exam
This philosopher argued there is a qualitive difference between human and nonhuman pleasure
Who is John Stuart Mill?
"I want to eat ice cream" is an example of this
What is a first-order desire?
For Held, care is both a practice and a this
What is a value?
This free will position holds that free will exists and it is not compatible with a deterministic world
What is libertarianism?
What if ... you must decide between letting five people get killed on some train tracks or pull the lever to only kill one person
What is the trolley problem?
This philosopher encourages us to focus on those who depend on us such as children, the elderly, people with severe disabilities, and those affected by global injustices
Who is Virginia Held?
Fischer claims as long as you have guidance control--the ability to guide your actions through your decision-making--then that is all you need to have this
What is moral responsibility?
Aristotle believes all humans strive towards this Greek word meaning "human flourishing"
What is eudaimonia?
Strawson and Pereboom defend this incompatibilist view that denies free will
What is hard incompatibilism?
What if ... a murderer comes to your door asking if you friend is home so they can kill them, and you must follow the Categorical Imperative so you cannot lie
What is the Murderer at the Door?
This 17th century hard determinist believed everything in nature--including humans--follow the same laws that are completely determined by "God" or "Nature"
Who is Baruch Spinoza?
Free will skeptics pose this famous challenge against libertarianism that asks libertarians to explain how causally undetermined actions are actual exercises of free will as opposed to just mere chance
What is the luck objection?
Aristotle says that in order develop virtuous character traits, we must actively and habitually engage with the world and follow the ways of these types of people
Who are moral exemplars?
This branch of utilitarianism follows a set of rules that have proven to promote pleasure
What is rule utilitarianism?
What if ... Professor Plum is as morally responsible for his decision to kill Ms. White in the neuroscientist scenario (Case 1) as he is in the normal circumstances in a deterministic world scenario (Case 4)
What is the Four-Case Argument/Manipulation Argument?
This philosopher pointed out that sometimes atoms swerve randomly and cause new causal chains, and this randomness creates an indetermined world
Who is Epicurus?
According to Galen Strawson, we could only be truly responsible if we were this, which would allow us to have chosen our own preferences, values, upbringing, and reasoning abilities
What is self-caused?
Utilitarian moral reasoning requires us to embody this three-word role in order for us to be impartial and good-natured when making ethical decisions
What is a disinterested benevolent spectator?
Associated with John Martin Fischer
What is semicompatibilism?
What if ... you were planning on voting Democrat anyway, but unbeknownst to you, neuroscientists have hacked into your brain forcing you to vote Democrat no matter what your desires were
What is a Frankfurt case?