Chapter 5: Membranes
Chapter 6: Metabolism
Chapter 7: Cellular Respiration
Chapter 8: Photosynthesis
Miscellaneous
100

Name 2 items that increase membrane fluidity

Cholesterol and unsaturated fatty acids

100

Explain the 1st law of thermodynamics

Energy can be transferred, but NOT created or destroyed

100

Write the formula for cellular respiration. Label what's oxidized and what's reduced

C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP + heat


Glucose is oxidized to make carbon dioxide 

Oxygen is reduced to make water

100

Write the formula for photosynthesis. Label what's oxidized and what's reduced

6CO2 + 6H20 + light energy -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Carbon dioxide gets reduced to form glucose

Water is oxidized to form oxygen

100

What are cofactors?

REQUIRED, non-protein enzyme helpers.

Also called coenzymes if organic

200

Name the 2 proteins that are used in facilitated diffusion

Channel and carrier

200

Which (color) reaction uses an enzyme? Which does not? How do you know?

*Red: has enzyme

*Black: no enzyme

Letter A represents Activation energy. It is lower in the red reaction

200

What are the 2 types of fermentation and their outputs?

Alcohol - ethanol

Lactic Acid - lactic acid/lactate

200

Explain the Light Reactions. Inputs? Outputs? Location?

PSII captures sunlight to make ATP, PS I generates NADPH using electron transport chains. 

Inputs: water and sunlight

Outputs: ATP, NADPH, 

Location: thylakoid membranes

200

Explain how active and passive transport differ. Give an example of each

Passive - no energy, move things from high to low concentration. Ex: simple diffusion


Active:requires energy, move things from low to high concentration. Ex: sodium potassium pump

300

Name and explain the 3 types of endocytosis

Phagocytosis - Cellular eating 

Pinocytosis - Cellular drinking 

Receptor mediated - specific molecules pulled in by receptors (ex: neurons)

300

Name and explain the 2 types of enzyme inhibitors

Competitive: inhibitor binds to the active site


Non-Competitive: inhibitor binds to the allosteric site (anywhere thats not active site)

300

Name each step of cellular respiration and where it occurs

Glycolysis - cytoplasm/cytosol

Pyruvate oxidation: mitochondrial matrix

Kerbs/Citric Acid Cycle: mitochondrial matrix

Oxidative phosphorylation: ETC - inner membrane; CO - inter membrane space 


300

Explain the Calvin Cycle. Inputs? Outputs? Location?

Inputs: Carbon dioxide, ATP, NADPH

Outputs: Sugar (G3P, which makes glucose), ADP, NADP.

Location: Stroma

 

300

What is rubisco?

The enzyme used in the Calvin Cycle. It "fixes" carbon from the air.

400

Come up to the board. Name 3 components of the membrane below, and explain their function

Items found include:

Transmembrane proteins

Integral proteins

Peripheral proteins

Cholesterol

Glycolipids and Glycoproteins

400

What type of reaction is this?

Exergonic (catabolic)

400

Come up to the board and point out the various components of the mitochondria. State where each step of cellular respiration occurs

400

Come up to the board and point out the various components of the chloroplast. State where each step of photosynthesis occurs

Thylakoid space = lumen

400

Name and explain 2 similarities and 2 differences between cellular respiration and photosynthesis 

500

Name and explain the 3 types of osmotic solutions

Hypertonic - more solute less water

Hypotonic - more water less solute

Isotonic - equal solute and water

500

What are 2 environmental factors that can denature proteins (like enzymes)?

Temperature, pH

500

State the inputs and outputs of the Citric Acid/Krebs cycle

Inputs: 2 Acetyl CoA, NAD+, ADP, Pi, FAD+

Outputs: 2ATP, 6NADH, 2FADH2, 4CO2

500

Name the 3 steps of the Calvin Cycle

1) carbon fixation

2) reduction 

3) RuBP regeneration

500

Explain what happens in Oxidative phosphorylation. Start with the electron transport chain, then go to chemiosmosis. 

ETC: electrons pumped (active transport) through the inner membrane so protons can "pile up" in the inter membrane space. Water is released because oxygen is the terminal electron acceptor. 

CO: Protons flow (diffuse) back through the inter membrane space into the matrix through ATP synthase enzyme. This enzyme puts ADP and Pi together to form ATP.