Life Hacking
Any organism that has genes of a different organism present due to bioengineering
Transgenic
The study of all expressed proteins within a genome
Proteomics
One of Darwin's observations about species.
Species are adapted
Life is diverse
There is unity of life
A force that causes a phenotype to be more favorable
Selective/environmental pressure
In order for life to be created, you first needed synthesis of these
Organic Molecules
The process done to amplify sequences of DNA so that they can be studied
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
The category of organisms with smallest overall genomes
Prokaryotes (Bacteria & Archaea)
Types of structures with no current use that point to common ancestry
vestigial
A contributor to genetic variation among prokaryotic populations
mutation, transduction, conjugation, transformation
The type of speciation done through the dividing of tectonic plates
Allopatric
The enzyme that can be manipulated to make edits within the human genome
Cas9
Genes that are shared among wide groups of organisms are referred to as this
Highly Conserved
One contributing factor to natural selection
overproduction, variation, adaptation, competition, differential reproductive success
Type of natural selection in which phenotypes on the opposite ends of a phenotypic spectrum are selected for survival
Disruptive
A figure constructed to show ancestral lineage
Phylogenetic Tree OR Cladogram
The DNA technology that combines human DNA with bacterial DNA to produce desired products
Recombinant DNA
DNA/Gene Cloning
The type of transposable element within noncoding DNA that remains as DNA and can be cut out of the genome to be reinserted somewhere else.
Transposon
Types of species within the fossil record that contain traits which are observed in widely different taxa today
Transitional
Genetic drift which may cause for a loss in genetic variation due to a large number of a population dying off
Bottle Neck Effect
Archaic enzymes which are thought to have duplicated small RNA molecules
Ribozymes
The name for small variations within genomes which allow for different DNA bands when gel electrophoresis is run.
Polymorphisms
The first step of genome sequencing that involved mapping genetic markers on chromosomes
Genetic/Linkage Mapping
Between 28,650 and 34,380 years
Estimate the percentage of heterozygous individuals (carriers) for a disease if the population is in Hardy-Weinberg and 4% of the population has the recessive disease.
32%
The type of organisms believed to facilitate the rise in atmospheric oxygen
Cyanobacteria