Nature/Nurture
If a trait benefitted our ancestors, it likely was passed down generations at a higher rate than traits that harmed our ancestors. This process is known as:
What is natural selection
Consistent, responsive, warm parenting usually leads to the development of what type of attachment?
What is a secure attachment.
In operant conditioning, it is something you can give to increase a target behavior.
What is reinforcement
It is the very brief mental impression that we get from giving a look, taste, or listen to something in our environment.
What is a sensory memory
It is a term for a mental shortcut.
What is a heuristic
In this type of study, similarities between identical twins who were raised apart from one another are compared.
What is a separated twin study.
An infant's general emotional and physical reactivity to the environment is called.
What is temperament.
Money is an example of what kind of reinforcer.
What is a secondary reinforcer.
This is the process of "writing" something into our long-term memory.
What is encoding.
We have a tendency to give exaggerated mental weight to potential events that easily come to mind. This is called:
The availability heuristic
This type of social norm simply illustrates how things are in a culture. It does not come with a value judgement attached for breaking it.
What is a descriptive norm
When a child is able to understand that objects, fluids, gasses can change distribution shape while maintaining the same mass, it is said that they have mastered this principle.
What is conservation.
It is a schedule of partial reinforcement where reward is given after a predictable period of time (and not every time the learner responds).
What is fixed-interval reinforcement.
This is the process of creating a catchy song, phrase, or mental image to help you remember something you are studying.
What is a mneumonic.
We often make assumptions about how well things belong to a category based on how well they fit our mental image of a typical member of that category. What is this called?
What is the representative heuristic.
It is the field of study where we attempt to determine roughly how much of a behavior is due to genetic versus environmental influence
What is behavioral genetics
This attachment style is characterized by a strong desire for closeness and intimacy, coupled with a fear of abandonment and rejection.
What is an anxious attachment (anxious-ambivalent).
In learning, it is the process of learning that two previously associated events are no-longer associated, or of learning that a voluntary response is no longer rewarded or punished.
What is extinction.
When you get something stuck on the "tip of your tongue" (i.e., are struggling to recall a word), what type of failure is this?
What is a retrieval failure.
This is the effect where people who are new to something (i.e., the most unskilled) often have the most inaccurate perception of their own abilities.
What is the Dunning Kreuger effect
Parents who engage in this parenting style set few rules for their children but are still emotionally involved in their children's lives.
What is permissive parenting.
It is the landmark skill where children become able to sense that people possess unique points of views (that is, that someone can think or observe something that others can't)
What is theory of mind.
In a video we watched, a girl sprayed her roommate in the face with a water bottle every time she said the word green. Eventually the roommate flinched in response to this word, too.
In this case study the word green is (two part answer).
What is initially a neutral stimulus (NS) and then later a conditioned stimulus (CS)
In this phenomenon, people often "test" better in a context that is similar to the one where they learned information, as compared to a very different environment.
What is context-dependent learning (memory).
People often underestimate the amount of time that it will take them to solve puzzles, word scrambles, etc.. This phenomenon is known as: